Laura Peeters

Trunk, head and pelvis interactions in healthy children | 59 3 in ROM in the sagittal plane was approximately equal between all trunk segments. However, the movement direction of the segments differed in the sagittal plane; the more caudal segments showed flexion, while more cranial segments showed extension. Reaching height Reaching distance Object weight N-S-0 / N-E-0 N-S-500 / N-E-500 F-S-0 / F-E-0 N-S-0 / F-S-0 N-E-0 / F-E-0 N-S-0 / N-S-500 N-E-0 / N-E-500 Sagittal plane Pelvis 0.040 0.961 0.006 <0 .001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Lower lumbar 0.003 0.010 0.140 <0 .001 0.001 <0.001 0.002 Upper lumbar 0.009 0.002 0.014 0.097 0.025 0.016 0.122 Lower thoracic 0.009 0.002 0.037 0.006 0.005 0.150 0.201 Upper thoracic <0 .001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.016 0.183 Frontal plane Pelvis 0.882 0.527 0.073 0.290 0.394 0.128 0.249 Lower lumbar 0.048 0.277 0.223 <0.001 0.378 0.028 0.592 Upper lumbar 0.078 0.004 0.001 0.689 0.028 0.600 0.657 Lower thoracic <0 .001 <0.001 <0.001 0.035 0.002 0.009 0.001 Upper thoracic 0.001 0.005 0.104 <0 .001 0.008 <0.001 0.088 Transverse plane Pelvis 0.200 0.506 0.605 <0.001 0.144 0.045 0.445 Lower lumbar 0.061 0.236 0.884 0.447 0.627 0.397 0.338 Upper lumbar 0.495 0.861 0.021 <0.001 0.353 0.020 0.300 Lower thoracic 0.158 0.002 0.004 0.880 0.946 0.042 0.737 Upper thoracic 0.563 0.065 0.002 <0.001 0.264 0.619 0.581 Table 1 P-values for the effects of reaching height, distance and object weight on segment range of motion, when reaching forward. Abbreviations in reaching tasks: N = near target, F = far target, S = shoulder height, E = eye height, 0 = 0 gram object weight, 500 = 500 gram object weight.