109 Creating A Creative State of Mind may proactively promote their own functioning, such as their creative performance, is also consistent with self-regulation theory, which focuses on how individuals “guide their own goal-directed activities and performance by setting their own standards and monitoring their progress toward these standards” (De Stobbeleir et al., 2011, p. 812; Vohs & Baumeister, 2004). Indeed, in order to succeed in such an individual, goaldriven process, people need to use their self-regulatory skills to develop, implement and flexibly maintain planned behavior (Balkis & Duru, 2016; Wang et al., 2021; Zimmerman, 2000). Individuals may proactively employ a wide range of strategies to manage their vitality, of which the effectiveness and favorableness may vary between individuals and frommoment to moment (Op den Kamp et al., 2018; Sonnentag & Fritz, 2007; Thayer et al., 1994). In this self-regulatory process, individuals must thus develop and implement strategies, and continuously monitor and evaluate what works best for them to achieve the desired results. The various terminology used in the literature suggests that vitality is a rich and multifaceted concept, comprised of both physical and mental components that are interlinked with each other (Lavrusheva, 2020). Proactive vitality management has been conceptualized accordingly – as comprising physical, affective, and cognitive components – and may thus trigger multiple, intertwined processes that may subsequently promote creativity (cf. Lavrusheva, 2020; Op den Kamp et al., 2018; Ryan & Deci, 2008; Ryan & Frederick, 1997). In support of this theoretical framework, studies indicate that people need physical and mental energy for creativity to flourish, as physical and mental energy promote active involvement in creative behavior, and facilitate relevant steps in the creative process, such as directing attention towards relevant stimuli or thinking flexibly (e.g., Fredrickson, 2001; Kark & Carmeli, 2009; Nijstad et al., 2010). The link between proactive vitality management and creativity has been theorized and evidenced in earlier studies (Op den Kamp et al., 2018, 2020). In a closer investigation of the aforementioned underlying processes, Bakker et al. (2020) showed that the relationship between weekly proactive vitality management and creativity was mediated by work engagement (i.e., a positive, affective-motivational state of fulfillment; Schaufeli et al., 2006), thus addressing primarily the affective side of the process. However, an important part of the process may also be cognitive in nature. Indeed, it has been suggested that creativity is inherent to cognitive functioning and that non-cognitive factors may impact creativity through their influence on human 5
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