114 Chapter 5 (4.7%), or other sectors such as transportation, real estate, agriculture, and construction. Themajority (74%) had a permanent employment contract (versus being a business owner or having a temporary contract), and 47% was employed in a position that involves the supervision of other employees. Measures Proactive vitality management. We used the eight-item proactive vitality management (PVM) scale developed byOp denKamp et al. (2018). The instructions prepared participants to respond to statements about their proactive behavior towards their work. More specifically, participants were asked to report on the extent to which they had proactively managed their vitality to promote their work that day. Example items are: “Today, I made sure that I felt energetic during my work” and “Today, I motivated myself” (1 = totally disagree, 7 = totally agree). The average Cronbach’s alpha over the five days was .96. Mindfulness. The state version of the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003) was used to measure mindfulness. The MAAS was created to assess mindfulness in the general population in samples that do not have experience with meditation or other mindfulness trainings. The five-item state version of the scale we used was validated by Brown and Ryan (2003), and suits the context and daily nature of the present study. An example item is: “Today, I found myself doing things without paying attention” (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree; reversed scored). The average Cronbach’s alpha over the five days was .95. Creative performance. We used a brainstorming task that is conceptually based on the classical Alternate Uses Task (AUT; Guilford, 1967) to measure creative performance. Each day, participants were asked to come up with as many as possible alternative uses for a common object in two minutes. The object varied over the five days as follows: ‘brick’ on Monday, ‘rope’ on Tuesday, ‘tin can’ on Wednesday, ‘knife’ on Thursday, and ‘sock’ on Friday. For each object, we counted the number of ideas generated by the participants (i.e., fluency) and originality (the extent to which the ideas are unusual and novel) on a scale from 1 (not original) to 5 (highly original). To assess reliability of the originality ratings, a second coder rated the ideas generated on Monday (for ‘brick’) and Friday (for ‘sock’). The interrater agreement was high, as indicated by Intraclass Correlation Coefficients of .90, p < .001 and .91, p < .001, respectively (Cicchetti, 1994).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk4NDMw