122 Chapter 5 example item for workload was: “Today, I had to work very fast.” The average Cronbach’s alpha for workload was .94. Strategy of Analysis In Study 2, we used a similar analytical approach as described in Study 1. The data in Study 2 again comprised a multilevel structure, but this time with three levels: workdays nested within persons who were, in turn, nested within different agencies/organizations. Therefore, we added an extra level in our multilevel model, and we calculated the proportion of variance explained by the within-person level with reference to level 2 (person) and level 3 (agency). The findings supported our multilevel approach, with percentages of 51% for mindfulness, 59% for proactive vitality management, and 48% for the supervisor ratings of creative work performance. Throughout the analyses, all daily variables except time and the outcome variable were centered at each individual’s mean value (Ohly et al., 2010). To take into account the potential carry-over effects of one’s prior level of mindfulness and creativity, we created lagged variables and performed a more stringent test by including these previous-day measures of the mediator (i.e., mindfulness) and outcomes (i.e., creative work performance) in our analyses. As the control variable job autonomy did not relate significantly to the outcome or the predictor in our model, we dropped it from further analyses. Similar to Study 1, we also tested our hypotheses without including any control variables (Becker et al., 2016). Without the control variables, the results supported our hypotheses in the same way – there were no differences in the direction or significance of the resulting relationships. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Descriptive Statistics Means, standard deviations, and correlations between the study variables can be found in Table 3.
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