149 Proactive Vitality Management Among Employees with Chronic Liver Disease finances (10%), trade and commerce (6%), creative/cultural industry (5%), building and construction (5%), ICT (5%), and, to a lesser extent, in sectors such as hotel and catering, manufacturing, and transportation. Measures Except for ‘self-insight,’ which we measured at the trait-level, we measured the study variables with reference to the past month. Doing so yieldedmore robust measurements of the variables and increased the accuracy of the self-reported experiences and behaviors because retrospective bias is reduced when adopting a specific, relatively short time period. To be able to control for earlier levels of the model variables in our analyses, we measured the mediator both at T1 and T2, and the outcome variables both at T2 and T3. Proactive vitality management (PVM) was measured at T1 with the PVM scale, consisting of eight items (Op den Kamp et al., 2018). Participants were asked to what extent they had tried to ensure that they felt mentally and physically well so that they could do their job to the best of their ability. Example items are: “Last month, I made sure that I felt energetic during my work,” “Last month, I motivated myself,” and “Last month, I made sure to approach my work with a positive mindset” (1 = totally disagree, 7 = totally agree). Cronbach’s alpha was .90. Self-insight was measured at T1 using the eight-item subscale of the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS; Grant et al., 2002). Example items are “I usually know why I feel the way I do,” and “I’moften aware that I’mhaving a feeling, but I often don’t quite knowwhat it is” (reversed-scored) (1 = totally disagree, 6 = totally agree). Cronbach’s alpha was .86. Exhaustion was measured at T1 and T2 with four items from the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (Demerouti et al., 2010). An example item is “Last month, there were days when I felt tired before I arrived at work,” and “Last month, I felt worn out and weary after work” (1 = totally disagree, 4 = totally agree). Cronbach’s alpha was .85 at T1 and .87 at T2. Work engagement was measured at T1 and T2 with the nine-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES; Schaufeli et al., 2006). Example items are: “Last month, at 6
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