19 General Introduction Research Question 3: Who may benefit from using proactive vitality management? The third objective of this dissertation is to examine who may (especially) benefit from using proactive vitality management. To this end, I explore proactive vitality management among different samples of working individuals throughout the studies presented in this dissertation. While the studies presented in Chapter 2, 3, 4, and 5 employ heterogeneous working samples, in Chapter 5 I focus specifically on people working in the creative industry. Moreover, in Chapter 6, I investigate the role of proactive vitality management for employees with chronic illness, a highly relevant yet understudied population in the context of occupational health and performance. Secondly, I follow the inclusion of personal and contextual variables in the model of proactive motivation (Parker et al., 2010) and examine whether certain personal characteristics and contextual factors may make it more likely for an individual to – effectively – use proactive vitality management. The personal characteristics assessed in relation to proactive vitality management are proactive personality (Chapter 2), selfinsight (Chapter 2, 3, and 6) and learning vs. performance goal orientation (Chapter 4). These personal characteristics are expected to increase the use of proactive vitality management or to strengthen its effect on work-related outcomes. Moreover, in Chapter 3, I examine the interplay between proactive vitality management and social support from co-workers in their effect on creative work performance. Figure 2 displays the theoretical model containing all the variables that are included in the studies presented in this dissertation.
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