Marlot Kuiper

237 7.7 A model for artefacts in professional contexts The figure below translates the key findings of this chapter into a model for how artefacts influence routines in professional contexts. The model visualizes ‘artefact’ not as singular, static entity influencing routines, but as dynamic artefactual arrangements. Within an artefactual arrangement, different representations aim to model the same routine. Different artefacts however, also have different possibilities for use. The findings suggest that material and temporal affordances matter for ideas about how artefacts can be/ought to be used (ostensive) and the performances they generate, but moreover, that these affordances are relational. If artefacts do not afford additional actions compared to the other artefacts in the arrangement, ostensive aspects point toward no additional value, and hence it won’t be incorporated in practices. Besides a focus on the artefacts that aim to model the routine, other artefacts are important intermediaries for checklist routine performances. Despite the team checklist strives for connections among team members, other artefacts in the theatre such as the surgical table or the surgical drape can function as physical boundaries to cross social boundaries, and thus establish connections. In studying routines, a comprehensive framework that moves beyond rule- embedded artefacts that directly intend to create a routine is feasible. Figure 19: A model for routines and artefacts in professional contexts 7