Xuxi Zhang

In all cities, except for Pallini, general practices were involved in the UHCE approach. In Pallini, the UHCE approach was provided by a health team from the municipal health centre newly employed for this study. The health assessment took place at the person’s home in all cities except for Pallini, where the assessment took place at a community centre. In Rotterdam and Manchester, the UHCE approach made use of existing care interventions. In Rijeka and Table 1 Context of the cities involved in UHCE Manchester, UK Pallini, GR Rijeka, HR Rotterdam, NL Valencia, ES Location UHCE approach General practices in Tameside and Glossop districts Municipality/se nior centres Pallini General practices in Western Rijeka Primary health center in Ommoord neighbourhood Primary health center in Nou Moles neighbourhood Assessment At home by trained assistant At senior/health centre by health professional At home by community nurse At home by trained assistant At home by trained assistant Care coordinator Trained assistant supervised by GP Health professional or social worker Community nurse Geriatric nurse practitioner Trained assistant supervised by GP Type of care in care ‐ pathways Multiple per pathway; e.g. home adjustment by OT, walking group by volunteers (falls); medication review by GP (polypharmac y); buddying services by volunteers (loneliness); further care by GP (frailty). Group based endurance and balance training by PE (falls); self ‐ managed medication adherence App supported by physician (polypharmacy); support groups by psychologist (loneliness); further care by physician (frailty). Group based balance and strength training by PT (falls and frailty); self ‐ managed medication adherence App (polypharm acy); social group activities (loneliness). Multiple per pathway; e.g. physiotherapy by PT (falls); medication review by pharmacist (polypharmacy ); social activities (loneliness); further care by GP (frailty). Group based balance and strength training by PT (falls and frailty), medication review according to national protocol by GP (polypharmacy), social support group led by social worker (loneliness). Care existing or newly developed All existing; offered by local charity organisation and according to practice GP All newly developed Falls, frailty and polypharma cy newly developed. Loneliness existing services All existing, medical care according to practice GP and social care by local organizations Falls, frailty and loneliness newly developed. Polypharmacy existing protocol Abbreviations: ES, Spain; GP, general practitioner; GR, Greece; HR, Croatia; NL, The Netherlands; OT, occupational therapist; PE, physical educator; PT, physical therapist; UK, United Kingdom. 106 Chapter 5