Xuxi Zhang

Cade, J. E., 2009 [30] Provider: Peer educators Peer educators were people with diabetes, living in the community, who were willing to be trained in chronic disease self ‐ management and to deliver group sessions on chronic disease self ‐ management to other people with diabetes IG: A diabetes ‐ specific EPP Subjects attended a 2 ‐ h session, once a week, for 7 weeks . CG: Individual one ‐ off appointments with a dietitian (15 ‐ 30 min) Gagliardi no, J. J., 2013 [20] Provider: Peer supporter Peers received 3 ‐ day training and delivered four module patient education courses for the peer group IG: 4 ‐ week structured diabetes education course delivered by previously trained peers Received regular peer cellular phone calls (at least weekly for the first 6 months, biweekly for the next 3 months and monthly for the remaining study period ) and bimonthly face ‐ to ‐ face interviews in small groups (ten patients) CG: 4 ‐ week structured diabetes education course delivered by professional educator Lorig, K., 2008 [31] Provider: Peer leaders Spanish ‐ speaking peer leaders (N=43) who received 4 days of training came from the same communities as the participants. Most had type 2 diabetes and were not health professionals. IG: The SDSMP is a 6 ‐ week program offered 2.5 h weekly by two peer leaders. Automated telephone reinforcement monthly CG: Patients in control group accepted usual care Smith, S. M., 2011 [23] Provider: Peer supporters Peer supporters had type 2 diabetes for at least one year, had good adherence in practices and capability, and received peer support training. IG: The peer support intervention ran over a two year period with nine group meetings led by peer supporters in participant’s own general practice ( at month one, month two, and every three months thereafter ) and a retention plan for the peer supporters. CG: Patients in control group accepted usual care Philis ‐ Tsimikas, A., 2011 [24] Provider: Peer educator or promotora Individuals with diabetes who exemplified the traits of a natural leader were identified from the patient population and trained as promotoras over a 3 ‐ month period IG: Eight weekly, 2 ‐ h diabetes self ‐ management classes and subsequent monthly support groups, led by a trained peer educator CG: Patients in control group accepted usual care Dale, J., 2009 [29] Provider: Peer supporters 9 peer supporters (6 had type 2 diabetes) received a 2 ‐ day training programme developed for the study. IG: Telecare support was intended to supplement routine care by motivating adherence to the advice provided peer supporters. The first telecare call was made 3–5 days later, and the ‘standard CG: Received a single call from a researcher at day 3–5 6 151 Peer support among adults with type 2 diabetes