Xuxi Zhang

Long, J. A., 2012 [21] Provider: Peer mentor Peer mentors were all African American patients whose glucose control had previously been poor but was currently good IG: Peer mentors help patients identify the differences between his or her behaviors and goals, and help identify a realistic plan for goal achievement. Calls were not monitored. No face ‐ to ‐ face meetings between mentors and mentees were required—mentors were given the telephone number of their mentees and informed that they would receive $20 per month if the mentees confirmed that they talked at least once per week . CG: Patients in control group accepted usual care. Tang, T. S., 2014 [13] Provider: Peer leaders The PLs were volunteers and received only a modest stipend to defray costs of participation IG: A 6 ‐ month DSME program followed by 12 months of weekly group sessions delivered by peer leaders with telephone outreach to those unable to attend Provider: CHWs The CHWs had an average of 6 years’ experience leading DSME at CHASS. They were all employees of the health clinic and received a salary CG: A 6 ‐ month DSME program followed by 12 months of monthly telephone outreach delivered by CHWs. The primary outcome was HbA1c Chan, J. C. N., 2014 [17] Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE)+Peer Support Empowerment and Remote Communication Linked by Information Technology (PEARL) Provider: Peer supporters 33 motivated patients with well ‐ controlled T2DM received 32 hours of training (four 8 ‐ hour workshops) to become peer supporters, with 10 patients assigned to each IG: Peer supporters called their peers at least 12 times, guided by a checklist CG: Only JADE and usual care Heisler, M., 2010 [26] Provider: Peer partners IG: RPS participants attended a 3 ‐ hour group session and peer partners were encouraged to call each other at least once a week using an interactive voice response ‐ facilitated telephone platform. Participants were also offered three optional 1.5 hour group sessions at months 1, 3, and 6 CG: Participants in both arms attended an initial session led by a nurse care manager to review and discuss their point ‐ of ‐ service HbA1c and blood pressure values, and most recent medical record cholesterol values CG, control group; IG, intervention group 6 153 Peer support among adults with type 2 diabetes