Xuxi Zhang

Steno study, 1999 Baseline: IG: 80 CG: 80 Follow ‐ up (3.8±0.3 years): IG: 73 CG: 76 Patients with type 2 diabetes Female (%): 21.3 Mean age: 54.9±7.2 Duration of diabetes (year): 5.5 (IQR 2.0 ‐ 8.8) HbA1c (%): 8.4±1.6 Blood pressure (mm Hg): Systolic: 149±19 Diastolic: 86±11 Total Cholesterol (mg/dl): LDL: 133±36 HDL: 40±9 BMI: male 29.3±3.6, female 31.1±4.5 Without diabetic retinopathy (%): 72.5 Patients with type 2 diabetes Female (%): 30 Mean age: 55.2±7.2 Duration of diabetes (year): 6.0 (IQR 4.0 ‐ 10.0) HbA1c (%): 8.8±1.7 Blood pressure (mm Hg): Systolic: 146±20 Diastolic: 85±10 Total Cholesterol (mg/dl): LDL: 137±37 HDL: 39±11 BMI: male 30.3±5.3, female 28.9±3.8 Without diabetic retinopathy (%): 73.8 Randomized open parallel trial Denmark Multifactorial intervention Intensified multifactorial intervention (<140/85 mmHg, HbA1c<6.5%, diet, exercise, smoking intervention etc., if patients could not reach the targets of blood pressure and blood glucose after 3 months, stepwise approaches were adopted based on patients’ situation.) vs. Standard intervention (<160/95 mmHg, HbA1c<7.5% etc.) Steno 2 study, 2003 Baseline: IG: 80 CG: 80 Follow ‐ up (7.8 years, range 6.9 to 8.8): IG: 67 CG: 63 Patients with type 2 diabetes Female (%): 21.3 Mean age: 54.9±7.2 Duration of diabetes (year): 5.5 (IQR 2.0 ‐ 8.8) HbA1c (%): 8.4±1.6 Blood pressure (mm Hg): Systolic: 149±19 Diastolic: 86±11 Total Cholesterol (mg/dl): LDL: 133±36 HDL: 40±9 BMI: male 29.3±3.6, female 31.1±4.5 Without diabetic retinopathy (%): 72.5 Patients with type 2 diabetes Female (%): 30 Mean age: 55.2±7.2 Duration of diabetes (year): 6.0 (IQR 4.0 ‐ 10.0) HbA1c (%): 8.8±1.7 Blood pressure (mm Hg): Systolic: 146±20 Diastolic: 85±10 Total Cholesterol (mg/dl): LDL: 133±36 HDL: 40±9 BMI: male 30.3±5.3, female 28.9±3.8 Without diabetic retinopathy (%): 73.8 Randomized open parallel trial Denmark Multifactorial intervention Intensified multifactorial intervention (<140/85 mmHg, HbA1c<6.5%, diet, exercise, smoking intervention etc., if patients could not reach the targets of blood pressure and blood glucose after 3 months, stepwise approaches were adopted based on patients’ situation.) vs. Standard intervention (<160/95 mmHg, HbA1c<7.5% etc.) Rachmani, R., 2002 Baseline: IG:71 CG:70 Follow ‐ up (4 years): Patients with type 2 diabetes Female (%): 49.3 Mean age: 57.4±4.2 Duration of diabetes (year): 6.2±2.5 Patients with type 2 diabetes Female (%): 52.9 Mean age: 56.8±4.0 Duration of diabetes (year): 6.3±1.9 RCT Israel Multifactorial intervention Intensive management of risk parameters in diabetic patients, Patient Participant 7 183 Prevention and control of diabetic retinopathy