Xuxi Zhang

Table 1.2.1 Overview of the studies presented in the thesis  Chapter Study design Study/data Sample  Population  in analysis  Research focus  Part 1 Health promotion for people with  frailty  2  Cross‐ sectional  UHCE  Community‐ dwellers aged   ≥70 years   N= 2,167  The associations between  physical, psychological and  social frailty and health‐ related quality of life  3  Longitudinal  UHCE  Community‐ dwellers aged   ≥70 years   N= 1,735  The longitudinal  associations between  frequency of moderate PA  and overall, physical,  psychological and social  frailty; the association  between a 12‐month  change in frequency of  moderate PA and frailty  4  Cross‐ sectional  UHCE  Community‐ dwellers aged   ≥70 years   N= 2,250  The reliability and validity  of the Tilburg Frailty  Indicator in 5 European  countries  5  Mixed‐ methods  study  UHCE  Community‐ dwellers aged   ≥70 years and  professionals  participating  in UHCE  approach   N= 986 & 23 Evaluation of UHCE  approach regarding process  components: context,  reach, dose delivered and  received, satisfaction and  experience  Part 2 Health promotion for people with chronic conditions  6  Meta‐ analysis  PubMed,  Web of  science,  ScienceDir ect  Adults with  T2DM  20 RCTs (N =  4,494)  To study the effects of  different kinds of peer  support on glycemic  control, in terms of  providers, types of support,  intervention duration and  effect duration  7  Meta‐ analysis  PubMed,  Embase  and  ScienceDir ect   Adults with  T2DM  22 RCTs (N=  22,511)  To study the effects of  different interventions  targeting modifiable risk  factors on DR  8  Design paper SEFAC  Community‐ dwellers at  risk of or with  T2DM and/or  CVD aged  ≥50 years   N/A  Evaluation design of the  SEFAC project aimed to  empower citizens to self‐ manage their chronic  conditions through the  SEFAC intervention  Abbreviations: UHCE = the Urban Health Centres Europe project; PA = physical activity; DR = diabetic  retinopathy; SEFAC =the Social Engagement Framework for Addressing the Chronic‐disease‐ challenge project; RCTs= randomized control trials; T2DM = type 2 diabetes; CVD = cardiovascular  disease  1 19 General introduction