Xuxi Zhang

PHQ ‐ 8 8 ‐ item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale PPI Peer ‐ partner ‐ intervention PSS ‐ 10 10 ‐ item Perceived Stress Scale RCTs Randomized controlled trials ROC Receiver operating characteristic SEFAC Social Engagement Framework for Addressing the Chronic ‐ disease ‐ challenge SF ‐ 12 12 ‐ item Short Form health survey SGI Support ‐ group ‐ intervention SHARE ‐ FI Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe ‐ Frailty Instrument short ‐ JG De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale SMAQ Short Medication Adherence Questionnaire SMRC Self ‐ Management Resource Center T2DM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus TDI Telephone ‐ dominant ‐ intervention TFI Tilburg Frailty Indicator UHCE Urban Health Centres Europe UK the United Kingdom UKPDS UK Prospective Diabetes Study VADT Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial WHO World Health Organization 250 Appendices