Xuxi Zhang

Table 4 Multivariate linear regression model (Three domains of frailty and HRQoL) (Continued) Items  PCS  MCS  Crude  Model  Adjusted  Model Crude  Model  Adjusted  Model Crude  Model  Adjusted  Model Full  Model Crude  Model  Adjusted  Model Crude  Model  Adjusted  Model Crude  Model  Adjusted  Model Full  Model Exercise once a  week or less vs.  more than once a  week  ‐7.07 c ‐9.12 c ‐9.48 c ‐6.96 c ‐4.50 c ‐3.98 c ‐5.17 c  ‐3.51 c Smoking vs. not  smoking  1.23  0.33  0.39  1.16  ‐0.37  ‐1.05  ‐0.84  ‐0.99  Multi‐morbidity  Yes vs. No ‐4.58 c ‐6.23 c ‐6.24 c ‐4.46 c ‐0.72  ‐0.77  ‐0.96  ‐0.21  Adjusted R 2 , %  29.0  42.4  5.1  30.2  3.3  29.4  42.6  10.7  21.3  27.0  34.7  5.8  22.7  36.8  Note: Abbreviations: PCS, Physical Component Suammary summarized by the SF‐12; MCS, Mental Component Suammary summarized by the SF‐12.  The Crude Model is the unadjusted model with one domain of frailty (physical, psychological or social frailty) as determinant.  The Adjusted Model is the adjusted model with one domain of frailty (physical, psychological or social frailty) and the covariates as determinants.   The Full Model is the adjusted model with physical, psychological and social frailty and the covariates as determinants.   a p <0.05,  b  p <0.01,  c  p <0.001, significant P‐values in bold.  2 37 Association between frailty and HRQoL