Xuxi Zhang

Table 2 Overall, physical, psychological and social frailty at baseline and follow ‐ up Groups of PA Baseline Follow ‐ up P ‐ value a Overall frailty score (score range 0 ‐ 15) Baseline frequency of PA Regular frequency (n=1272) 4.45±2.91 b 4.56±3.16 b 0.122 Low frequency (n=463) 6.96±3.07 b 6.80±3.27 b 0.165 12 ‐ month change in PA Continued regular frequency (n=1020) 4.18±2.78 c 4.10±2.95 c 0.337 Decreased frequency (n=252) 5.57±3.18 c 6.39±3.34 c P <.001 Continued low frequency (n=302) 7.42±2.93 c 7.67±2.95 c 0.069 Increased frequency (n=161) 6.10±3.16 c 5.18±3.22 c P <.001 Physical frailty score (score range 0 ‐ 8) Baseline frequency of PA Regular frequency (n=1272) 2.51±1.96 b 2.55±2.16 b 0.409 Low frequency (n=463) 4.20±2.05 b 3.99±2.13 b 0.009 12 ‐ month change in PA Continued regular frequency (n=1020) 2.33±1.88 c 2.27±2.04 c 0.313 Decreased frequency (n=252) 3.26±2.12 c 3.68±2.67 c P <.001 Continued low frequency (n=302) 4.55±1.91 c 4.54±1.90 c 0.930 Increased frequency (n=161) 3.56±2.16 c 2.94±2.17 c P <.001 Psychological frailty score (score range 0 ‐ 4) Baseline frequency of PA Regular frequency (n=1272) 1.00±1.00 b 1.06±1.08 b 0.052 Low frequency (n=463) 1.52±1.10 b 1.61±1.20 b 0.092 12 ‐ month change in PA Continued regular frequency (n=1020) 0.94±0.97 c 0.92±1.01 c 0.550 Decreased frequency (n=252) 1.25±1.06 c 1.60±1.20 c P <.001 Continued low frequency (n=302) 1.64±1.13 c 1.85±1.21 c P <.001 Increased frequency (n=161) 1.30±1.02 c 1.15±1.05 c 0.103 Social frailty score (score range 0 ‐ 3) Baseline frequency of PA Regular frequency (n=1272) 0.94±0.88 b 0.95±0.88 b 0.601 Low frequency (n=463) 1.24±0.90 b 1.21±0.89 b 0.485 12 ‐ month change in PA Continued regular frequency (n=1020) 0.91±0.86 c 0.90±0.87 c 0.898 Decreased frequency (n=252) 1.05±0.96 c 1.12±0.91 c 0.197 Continued low frequency (n=302) 1.23±0.91 c 1.28±0.88 c 0.266 Increased frequency (n=161) 1.25±0.89 c 1.08±0.90 c 0.011 Note: Data presented as mean±SD; a higher score represents a higher level of frailty. Abbreviations: PA, physical activity. a Significant P values in bold; paired t test. b p <.001; P values are based on independent t test. c p <.001; P values are based on one ‐ way analysis of variance. 58 Chapter 3