Xuxi Zhang

Supplementary Table S1 P ‐ values for interactions between baseline frequency of moderate PA or 12 ‐ month change in frequency of moderate PA and age, sex, county, educational level, living situation and intervention on the frailty scores Items Overall frailty Physical frailty Psychological frailty Social frailty P ‐ value P ‐ value P ‐ value P ‐ value Interactions in models on associations between baseline frequency of moderate PA and frailty Baseline frequency of moderate PA*Age 0.452 0.193 0.838 0.350 Baseline frequency of moderate PA*Sex 0.692 0.754 0.878 0.877 Baseline frequency of moderate PA*Country 0.409 0.142 0.346 0.705 Baseline frequency of moderate PA*Educational level 0.923 0.885 0.658 0.056 Baseline frequency of moderate PA* Live situation 0.926 0.966 0.497 0.924 Baseline frequency of moderate PA*Intervention 0.142 0.269 0.303 0.479 Interactions in models on associations between 12 ‐ month change in moderate PA and frailty Change in moderate PA*Age 0.443 0.216 0.838 0.546 Change in moderate PA*Sex 0.766 0.928 0.682 0.943 Change in moderate PA*Country 0.136 0.189 <0.001 0.856 Change in moderate PA*Educational level 0.719 0.542 0.117 0.148 Change in moderate PA*Live situation 0.682 0.272 0.089 0.022 Change in moderate PA*Intervention 0.399 0.743 0.714 0.329 Note: Significant P ‐ values in bold After applying Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (P=0.05/48=0.001), except interaction between country and change in physical activity on follow ‐ up psychological frailty score, no statistically significant interaction was found. Abbreviations: PA, physical activity 3 67 Longitudinal association between physical activity and frailty