Xuxi Zhang

Supplementary Table S3 Multivariate linear regression models (12 ‐ month change in physical activity and follow ‐ up scores of frailty) Items 12 ‐ month follow ‐ up overall frailty 12 ‐ month follow ‐ up physical frailty 12 ‐ month follow ‐ up psychological frailty 12 ‐ month follow ‐ up social frailty Crude Model B(95%CI) Adjusted Model B(95%CI) Crude Model B(95%CI) Adjusted Model B(95%CI) Crude Model B(95%CI) Adjusted Model B(95%CI) Crude Model B(95%CI) Adjusted Model B(95%CI) 12 ‐ month change in moderate physical activity Continued regular frequency Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Decreased frequency 1.34 c (1.02,1.66) 1.31 c (0.99,1.63) 0.83 c (0.60,1.06) 0.80 c (0.58,1.03) 0.45 c (0.32,0.58) 0.43 c (0.30,0.56) 0.13 a (0.03,0.23) 0.14 b (0.04,0.23) Continued low frequency 1.31 c (1.00,1.63) 1.16 c (0.84,1.49) 0.86 c (0.63,1.09) 0.73 c (0.51,0.96) 0.47 c (0.35,0.60) 0.42 c (0.29,0.55) 0.14 b (0.05,0.24) 0.13 b (0.04,0.23) Increased frequency ‐ 0.25( ‐ 0.64,0.13)  ‐ 0.25( ‐ 0.63,0.14)  ‐ 0.15( ‐ 0.42,0.12) ‐ 0.15( ‐ 0.42,0.11) 0.02( ‐ 0.13,0.18) 0.01( ‐ 0.15,0.16)  ‐ 0.03( ‐ 0.15,0.09) 0.02( ‐ 0.09,0.13) Baseline overall frailty 0.66 c (0.62,0.70) 0.62 c (0.58,0.66) Baseline physical frailty 0.62 c (0.58,0.66) 0.60 c (0.55,0.64) Baseline psychological frailty 0.54 c (0.50,0.59) 0.53 c (0.48,0.57) Baseline social frailty 0.62 c (0.59,0.66) 0.39 c (0.34,0.44) Age 0.03 a (0.00,0.05) 0.02 a (0.00,0.03) 0.01( ‐ 0.00,0.02) 0.00( ‐ 0.00,0.01) Sex Male Reference Reference Reference Reference Female 0.20( ‐ 0.05,0.44) 0.09( ‐ 0.08,0.26) 0.10 a (0.00,0.20) 0.04( ‐ 0.03,0.11) Country Spain Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Greece ‐ 0.34( ‐ 0.74,0.06)  ‐ 0.10( ‐ 0.51,0.30) ‐ 0.41 b ( ‐ 0.70, ‐ 0.13) ‐ 0.29( ‐ 0.57,0.00) 0.09( ‐ 0.07,0.26) 0.15( ‐ 0.02,0.32) 0.05( ‐ 0.08,0.17) 0.17 b (0.05,0.29) Croatia 0.56 b (0.23,0.88) 0.74 c (0.36,1.13) 0.26 a (0.03,0.49) 0.40 b (0.13,0.67) 0.22 b (0.09,0.36) 0.27 b (0.12,0.43) 0.14 b (0.04,0.24) 0.19 b (0.08,0.30) The Netherlands ‐ 0.33( ‐ 0.68,0.02)  ‐ 0.19( ‐ 0.58,0.21)  ‐ 0.21( ‐ 0.46,0.04) ‐ 0.06( ‐ 0.34,0.22) ‐ 0.20 b ( ‐ 0.35, ‐ 0.06) ‐ 0.14( ‐ 0.30,0.02) 0.04( ‐ 0.07,0.15)  ‐ 0.00( ‐ 0.12,0.11) The United Kingdom ‐ 0.61 c ( ‐ 0.91, ‐ 0.30) ‐ 0.55 b ( ‐ 0.92, ‐ 0.17) ‐ 0.55 c ( ‐ 0.77, ‐ 0.34) ‐ 0.49 c ( ‐ 0.75, ‐ 0.22) ‐ 0.20 b ( ‐ 0.32, ‐ 0.08) ‐ 0.13( ‐ 0.28,0.02) 0.10 a (0.01,0.19) 0.03( ‐ 0.08,0.14) Educational level Tertiary or higher Reference Reference Reference Reference Secondary or equivalent 0.22( ‐ 0.15,0.60) 0.19( ‐ 0.08,0.45) 0.07( ‐ 0.09,0.22) 0.01( ‐ 0.10,0.12) Primary or less versus 0.63 b (0.20,1.05) 0.46 b (0.16,0.75) 0.19 a (0.01,0.36) 0.08( ‐ 0.05,0.20) 70 Chapter 3