Maarten Cozijnsen

27 Chapter 1 General introduction 20. Jaspers GJ, Verkade HJ, Escher JC, et al. Azathioprine maintains first remission in newly diagnosed pediatric Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12:831-836. 21. Riello L, Talbotec C, Garnier-Lengliné H, et al. Tolerance and efficacy of azathioprine in pediatric Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:2138-2143. 22. Prefontaine E, Sutherland L, Macdonald J, et al. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009. 23. Markowitz J, Hyams J, Mack D, et al. Corticosteroid therapy in the age of infliximab: acute and 1-year outcomes in newly diagnosed children with Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:1124-1129. 24. Tracey D, Klareskog L, Sasso EH, et al. Tumor necrosis factor antagonist mechanisms of action: a comprehensive review. Pharmacol Ther 2008;117:244-279. 25. ten Hove T, van Montfrans C, Peppelenbosch MP, et al. Infliximab treatment induces apoptosis of lamina propria T lymphocytes in Crohn’s disease. Gut 2002;50:206-211. 26. Mitoma H, Horiuchi T, Hatta N, et al. Infliximab induces potent anti-inflammatory responses by outside-to-inside signals through transmembrane TNF-alpha. Gastroenterology 2005;128:376- 392. 27. Sandborn WJ, Hanauer SB, Katz S, et al. Etanercept for active Crohn’s disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2001;121:1088-1094. 28. Schreiber S, Rutgeerts P, Fedorak RN, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of certolizumab pegol (CDP870) for treatment of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 2005;129:807-818. 29. Nesbitt A, Fossati G, Bergin M, et al. Mechanism of action of certolizumab pegol (CDP870): in vitro comparison with other anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007;13:1323- 1332. 30. Vos AC, Wildenberg ME, Duijvestein M, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies induce regulatory macrophages in an Fc region-dependent manner. Gastroenterology 2011;140:221-230. 31. Vos AC, Wildenberg ME, Arijs I, et al. Regulatory macrophages induced by infliximab are involved in healing in vivo and in vitro. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;18:401-408. 32. Ruemmele FM, Lachaux A, Cézard J-P, et al. Efficacy of infliximab in pediatric Crohn’s disease: a randomized multicenter open-label trial comparing scheduled to on demand maintenance therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009;15:388-394. 33. Lionetti P, Bronzini F, Salvestrini C, et al. Response to infliximab is related to disease duration in paediatric Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;18:425-431. 34. Cezard JP, Nouaili N, Talbotec C, et al. A prospective study of the efficacy and tolerance of a chimeric antibody to tumor necrosis factors (remicade) in severe pediatric crohn disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;36:632-636. 35. Crandall W, Hyams J, Kugathasan S, et al. Infliximab therapy in children with concurrent perianal Crohn disease: observations from REACH. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009;49:183-190. 36. Cozijnsen MA, de Ridder L. Infliximab More Effective in Therapy-Naive Than in Therapy-Refractory Patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015;61:e15. 37. Kugathasan S, Werlin SL, Martinez A, et al. Prolonged duration of response to infliximab in early but not late pediatric Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3189-3194. 38. Cameron FL, Altowati MA, Rogers P, et al. Disease Status and Pubertal Stage Predict Improved Growth in Antitumor Necrosis Factor Therapy for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017;64:47-55.