Marjon Borgert

97 Potential risk factors in the delivery of enteral nutrition Table 2. Feeding tubes for enteral nutrition Patients with: 2012 2013 2014 P -value b Nasogastric tube a 729 687 621 - Median (IQR) hrs. fed 63 (19 to 175) 67 (20 to 188) 79 (27 to 214) 0.9 - Median (IQR) hrs. ICU-LOS 96 (51 to 207) 104 (48 to 233) 117 (57 to 265) <0.0001 Nasoduodenal tube 19 22 21 - Median (IQR) hrs. fed 24 (15 to 44) 83 (35 to 246) 65 (47 to 115) 0.02 - Median (IQR) hrs. ICU-LOS 23 (17 to 47) 92 (38 to 167) 126 (63 to 154) 0.03 Nasojejunal tube 22 25 11 - Median (IQR) hrs. fed 128 (43 to 336) 29 (7 to 113) 19 (3 to 45) 0.001 - Median (IQR) hrs. ICU-LOS 127 (34 to 228) 44 (23 to 121) 25 (21 to 71) 0.01 PEG tube 9 27 20 - Median (IQR) hrs. fed 82 (33 to 158) 29 (13 to 132) 146 (31 to 238) 0.2 - Median (IQR) hrs. ICU-LOS 69 (44 to 161) 46 (29 to 148) 235 (62 to372) 0.4 a Nasogastric tubes used for enteral nutrition PEG: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy b Kruskall Wallis test Adequacy of enteral nutritional intake During the rst days of admission, the adequacy of mean percentage calorie and protein intake was 22% (413/1878) on day one and increased to 82% (675/823) on day ve, di erence 60%, 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.57, P -value <0.001. Figure 1 shows a wide variation in the delivery of EN. The success of daily EN intake of proteins has a median of more than 90% during ICU admission, except for the rst ve days of admission (Fig. 1). Furthermore, EN was initiated within 24-48 hours following admission. The di erences between the actual and ideal intake was calculated for calories and protein per type of feeding tube over the years (Table 3 and 4). Each type of feeding tube showed an overall moderate ENdelivery of calories andproteins.Themeanpercentageof adequate calories using the nasogastric feeding tube remained the same over the years, 66% (481/729) in 2012 to 67% (416/621) in 2014, di erence %, 95% CI: -0.06 to 0.042, P -value 0.74. The same applies to the delivery of protein when using the gastric feeding tube. The mean percentage of ideal protein intake by using 1.2 g/kg/day was 64.6% and 55.8% by using 1.5 g/kg/day as an individual target. In ICU patients individual targets are often based on 1.2 g/kg/day. 7,15