Fehmi Keçe

General Introduction 21 1 References 1. Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, Singh D, RienstraM, Benjamin EJ, et al. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. Circulation. 2014;129(8):837-47. 2. Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R, Brugada J, Camm AJ, Chen SA, et al. 2012 HRS/ EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing. 2012;33(2):171- 257. 3. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration With EACTS. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed). 2017;70(1):50. 4. Laish-Farkash A, Suleiman M. Primary Versus Secondary Atrial Fibrillation: Is it Time for a Different Classification of Atrial Fibrillation? Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. 2015;26(12):1295-7. 5. Zimetbaum P. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2012;125(2):381-9. 6. Cox JL, Schuessler RB, D’Agostino HJ, Jr., Stone CM, Chang BC, Cain ME, et al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 1991;101(4):569- 83. 7. Cox JL, Schuessler RB, Lappas DG, Boineau JP. An 8 1/2-year clinical experience with surgery for atrial fibrillation. Annals of surgery. 1996;224(3):267-73; discussion 73-5. 8. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, et al. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2018;20(1):157-208. 9. Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, Takahashi A, Hocini M, Quiniou G, et al. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. The New England journal of medicine. 1998;339(10):659-66. 10. Ho SY, Cabrera JA, Tran VH, Farre J, Anderson RH, Sanchez-Quintana D. Architecture of the pulmonary veins: relevance to radiofrequency ablation. Heart (British Cardiac Society). 2001;86(3):265-70. 11. Nguyen BL, Fishbein MC, Chen LS, Chen PS, Masroor S. Histopathological substrate for chronic atrial fibrillation in humans. Heart rhythm. 2009;6(4):454-60. 12. Morel E, Meyronet D, Thivolet-Bejuy F, Chevalier P. Identification and distribution of interstitial Cajal cells inhumanpulmonary veins. Heart rhythm. 2008;5(7):1063-7. 13. Allessie MA, Bonke FI, Schopman FJ. Circus movement in rabbit atrial muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia. II. The role of nonuniform recovery of excitability in the occurrence of unidirectional block, as studied with multiple microelectrodes. Circulation research. 1976;39(2):168-77. 14. Waks JW, Josephson ME. Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation - Reentry, Rotors and Reality. Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review. 2014;3(2):90-100. 15. Verheule S, Eckstein J, Linz D, Maesen B, Bidar E, Gharaviri A, et al. Role of