Martine van der Pluijm

139 How to support lower-educated parents? Two examples of perceptions of higher-educated parents are: “ Coordinating together what to do at home, playing games, reading” and “ kids learn a lot from their parents during parent-child activities .” STUDY 2 METHOD Participants Four of the seven schools from Study 1 consented to participate in this study. In total, eight classrooms were involved with children from four to seven years old (five kindergarten and three grade 1). We selected parents with a very low (primary school and lower) and low education level (secondary education aged 12-15). We randomly selected four dyads in each of the eight classrooms. Twenty-eight parents participated in the pretest; four parents were not able to participate in time due to personal circumstances. Nineteen of the 28 parents participated in the posttest. Four parents of one group refused to participate after an incident at school. Three parents were not able to participate because of personal circumstances (e.g., illness). Two observations of parents were excluded as these video observations could not be used for analysis. In one video, we could not find a translator for a rare Bulgarian dialect, and in the other video, the second parent interfered with the interaction. Table 5.4 shows background information of the nineteen parents for whom we have complete data. All parents are migrants from Turkey, Morocco, and Pakistan. TABLE 5.4: Demographic information of parents in Study 2 Total n =19 Gender Male Female 2 17 Migration background 19 Home language Dutch and other language Other language 4 15 Parental education level Very low: Primary school at most Low: Secondary education (aged 12 to 15) 12 7