Martine van der Pluijm

150 Chapter 5 Appendix A: coding scheme of quality parent-child interaction based on Erickson, Sroufe, & Egeland (1985), Landry et al. (2008), andWasik & Sparling (2012). Child involvement (Erickson et al., 1985; Landry et al., 2008) Behavior Definition Task-oriented behavior Frequency of observed child behavior focused on accomplishing the task. Social engagement Frequency of observed behavior expressing positive engagement of the child (use of affect, gestures, verbal, and nonverbal communication demonstrating interest). Cooperation Frequency of child’s responses to requests of the parent and following these requests during the task with behavior or words. Understanding Frequency of observed child behavior that expresses understanding of the task. Initiative Frequency of observed child initiatives during the activity, without suggestions of the parent. Parental support of autonomy (Erickson; 1985; Landry et al., 2008) Behavior Definition Stimulating child autonomy Frequency of attempts by the parent to create opportunities for the child to take initiative. Parental emotional responsive behavior (Landry et al., 2008) Behavior Definition Contingent responsive behavior Frequency of observed responsive behavior of the parent to child cues, adapted to the child’s needs. Warm sensitive behavior Frequency of observed sensitivity of the parent to child cues, accepting the child’s perspective and needs, expressing physical affection, enthusiasm, and positive tone of voice Positive affective behavior Frequency of smiling, laughing, and positive facial expressions of the parent to the child.