Cindy Boer

112 | Chapter 2.2 41. Steinberg J, Ritchie GRS, Roumeliotis TI, Jayasuriya RL, Clark MJ, Brooks RA, et al. Integrative epig- enomics, transcriptomics and proteomics of patient chondrocytes reveal genes and pathways in- volved in osteoarthritis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):8935. 42. Richard D, Liu Z, Cao J, Kiapour AM, Willen J, Yarlagadda S, et al. Evolutionary Selection and Con- straint on Human Knee Chondrocyte Regulation Impacts Osteoarthritis Risk. Cell. 2020. 43. Vaes RB, Rivadeneira F, Kerkhof JM, Hofman A, Pols HA, Uitterlinden AG, et al. Genetic variation in the GDF5 region is associated with osteoarthritis, height, hip axis length and fracture risk: the Rotterdam study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(11):1754-60. 44. Hamalainen S, Solovieva S, Vehmas T, Luoma K, Leino-Arjas P, Hirvonen A. Genetic influenc- es on hand osteoarthritis in Finnish women--a replication study of candidate genes. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97417. 45. Phillips JE, Corces VG. CTCF: master weaver of the genome. Cell. 2009;137(7):1194-211. 46. Spater D, Hill TP, O’Sullivan R J, Gruber M, Conner DA, Hartmann C. Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis. Development. 2006;133(15):3039-49. 47. Hartmann C, Tabin CJ. Wnt-14 plays a pivotal role in inducing synovial joint formation in the devel- oping appendicular skeleton. Cell. 2001;104(3):341-51. 48. Maupin KA, Droscha CJ, Williams BO. A Comprehensive Overview of Skeletal Phenotypes Associ- ated with Alterations in Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Humans and Mice. Bone Res. 12013. p. 27-71. 49. Zhou Y, Wang T, Hamilton JL, Chen D. Wnt/beta-catenin Signaling in Osteoarthritis and in Other Forms of Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017;19(9):53. 50. Lietman C, Wu B, Lechner S, Shinar A, Sehgal M, Rossomacha E, et al. Inhibition of Wnt/beta-caten- in signaling ameliorates osteoarthritis in a murine model of experimental osteoarthritis. JCI Insight. 2018;3(3). 51. Nelson MR, Tipney H, Painter JL, Shen J, Nicoletti P, Shen Y, et al. The support of human genetic evidence for approved drug indications. Nat Genet. 2015;47(8):856-60. 52. Mars N, Koskela JT, Ripatti P, Kiiskinen TTJ, Havulinna AS, Lindbohm JV, et al. Polygenic and clinical risk scores and their impact on age at onset and prediction of cardiometabolic diseases and com- mon cancers. Nat Med. 2020;26(4):549-57.