Cindy Boer

216 | Chapter 5.1 Table 3: Single OTU associations with BMI in the GenR and RS cohorts and further replication in FGFP and LLD Genus GenR (n=1,712) RS (n=1,371) FGFP (n=1,106) LLD (n=1,135) CoE q-value CoE q-value CoE q-value CoE q-Value Christensenellaceae R7 group −0.0044 8.3x10 -04 −0.0034 6.5x -08 Alistipes −0.0024 8.1x10 -03 −0.0015 4.2x10 -04 −0.1326 9.7x10 -06 −0.0026 4.3x10 -05 Ruminococcus 1 −0.0014 2.5x10 -03 Coprococcus 2 −0.0014 1.7x10 -02 Ruminiclostridium 6 −0.0019 3.4x10 -04 −0.0012 1.1x10 -03 Anaerotruncus −0.0008 1.0x10 -03 −0.0016 8.5x10 -02 Barnesiella −0.0016 9.2x10 -03 −0.0007 2.9x10 -03 −0.0761 1.1x10 -02 −0.0030 5.3x10 -02 Akkermansia −0.0006 3.8x10 -02 Ruminiclostridium9 −0.0005 6.4x10 -03 −0.0004 4.3x10 -03 Odoribacter −0.0010 1.6x10 -03 −0.0004 1.1x10 -02 −0.0019 8.1x10 -02 Oscillospira −0.0004 2.4x10 -03 −0.0933 1.9x10 -03 Butyricicoccus 0.0006 1.2x10 -02 Lactobacillus 0.0006 8.5x10 -04 Lachnoclostridium 0.0006 4.5x10 -02 Coprococcus 3 0.0008 3.3x10 -02 Dorea 0.0014 2.3x10 -03 0.1408 2.6x10 -06 Blautia 0.0021 4.6x10 -02 Streptococcus 0.0026 1.1x10 -05 Parabacteroides −0.0015 2.6x10 -02 Oscillibacter −0.0005 3.1x10 -02 Terrisporobacter 0.0005 4.2x10 -02 Intestinibacter 0.0014 9.7x10 -04 Romboutsia 0.0020 2.6x10 -03 Bifidobacterium 0.0046 3.2x10 -04 Bacterial associations with BMI in the RS, GenR and other cohort studies. The +/− sign of the coefficient values indicate the direction of the correlation of the genus with BMI. q-value=FDR corrected P-value. Only known bacteria are presented. To assess functional differences in the gut microbiome between children and adults, we predicted the functional content based on the 16S rRNA data using PICRUSt. Analyses of the differences in the predicted functional metagenomics data between chil- dren and adults showed significant overrepresentation of 25 pathways in children and 25 pathways in adults ( Figure 4, Supplementary Table 4 ). A remarkable difference between GenR and RS was the predominance of catabolic pathways in GenR (Val, Leu- cine, iso-Leucine degradation; ko00280) and its opposite in RS (Val, Leucine, iso-Leu- cine biosynthesis; ko00290). Putative colonization-related pathways like biofilm for- mation (ko05111), flagellar assembly (ko02040) and LPS biosynthesis (ko00540) were only enriched in GenR cohort.