Hester Paanakker

patterns are highly similar for each group. From this set of four key values a few important observations can be inferred. First, the comparison of value patterns demonstrates a strong level of convergence on value identification , or the types of values that are seen to matter to craft. The image of penal craftsmanship at street level mirrors well the three core policy values of humanity, security, and reintegration that represent the sector’s mission. All groups consistently attribute aspects related to these values to good craftsmanship on the shop floor, although it should be noted they do so in varying degrees: a vast majority of 47 out of 55 respondents (85%) sees humanity as a prime value, security is perceived to be key by 25 respondents (45%) and occupies an overall third place, and reintegration is emphasized only by 11 respondents (20%). Second, the interpretations of the skills, knowledge and practices that underlie these three values are highly similar, and show a very compact internal convergence per value. This demonstrates there is also a strong degree of convergence on value understanding . For instance, humanity is predominantly composed of providing individual care and support to detainees (helping them out practically and emotionally) and other craft-related skills and practices such as treating detainees with respect and empathy. Security is uniformly understood as the key notion that detention should be executed safely: it should be aimed at maximizing “hard” safety and security for both employees and detainees by minimizing occurrences of aggression, violence and crime within the penal facility. But many also add the importance of “soft” security in disciplining detainees into appropriate, respectable and polite behavior, as well as the usefulness of maintaining good relationships with detainees to detect tensions and manage them accordingly. Reintegration is convergently regarded as contributing to the detainee’s return to society by changing the mindset and behavior of the detainee during detention (to stimulate them to obtain a life(style) free of criminal activity). Although reintegration is an important policy value, surprisingly few respondents include in their explanation of craftsmanship at street level what is, compared to the other core values, the more abstract nature of reintegration efforts. 106 Chapter 4