Hester Paanakker

of disciplining them to behave more appropriately. The punitive character of detention permeates in this value orientation and is notably less clearly captured by the value orientations mentioned (for instance, sentencing as punishment is mentioned as an ideal feature only a single time). The disciplinary approach is well illustrated by the following quotes: Crooks do not fear prison. Detainees have too much space to shit on the system. If I touch them they can sue me. I say: if you shit on me, I will shit on you, puke on you, etcetera. Then they know what time it is. (respondent 6) I am fairly rigid. I am fairly ‘no’ and as soon as you come to me and say ‘I need to do this and this’, then you can forget about it. You may ask politely ‘can I, do you have some time for me’ or whatever. I do not work for you. You are not the one that pays my salary, so I don’t owe you shit. (respondent 12) Reintegration. The third set of value orientations towards craftsmanship is focused on efforts to reintegrate detainees into society. Although these value orientations resonate well with the humanity perspective, their character is clearly distinct. Certainly, reintegration efforts can be attributed to humane rather than restrictive and punitive detention climates. However, whereas humanity orientations here focus on the nature and quality of direct employee—detainee interaction and the types of attitudes adopted by prison officers, orientations clustered in the category of reintegration focus on the attainment of long-term effectiveness – the purposeful commitment to elicit change through detention. These values represent what prison officers’ work is ultimately aimed at and is meant to accomplish. In the words of one prison officer: aim for detainees to ‘ come out better than they came in ’ (respondent 5). Another stated: ‘ I believe just punishing is of no use. […] I believe that just locking up, that’s not it. You have to do something with them ’ (respondent 11). Hence, reintegration orientations are more outcome oriented than output and process oriented, and the value of reintegration not only represents a quality in the individual but also revolves around concrete governance tools to realize that objective. As in the previous two categories, one value orientation predominates here: for ten respondents, detention is ideally characterized by aiding the reintegration of detainees through changing their mindset and behavior during detention. As mentioned, this pedagogical conviction is strongly related to the humane and disciplining treatment styles that were put forward. It was only coded 54 Chapter 2