Hester Paanakker

detainees to take in-house rehabilitation courses and psychological assessments. Others stress that more should be done, for instance by teaching detainees life skills (mentioned by 8) or by organizing better discharge support in cooperation with chain partners (mentioned by 6). In the words of one prison officer: “ I believe just punishing is of no use. […] I believe that just locking up, that’s not it. You have to do something with them ” (respondent 11). This pedagogical conviction is strongly related to the humane and disciplining treatment styles that were put forward. It was only coded under “reintegration” when respondents explicitly signaled that prison work should be about teaching, coaching, or even developing detainees to become better citizens. Clearly, the three values that the sector officially recognizes as key penal values are convergently internalized at street level. However, prison officers seem especially informally rather than formally socialized into these official values: they accentuate how, in their own behavior, they intuitively seek to enact and advance the informal skills and practices attached to them, rather than mentioning or appreciating the formal tools and mechanisms that the sector has set up to express these values. Next to the informal interpretation and expression of the formally advocated values, an interesting additional value of street level sense-making was identified: the fourth and final cluster of “ task effectiveness” represents a much smaller cluster, which is mainly explained by the far fewer variations that this cluster contains. Yet, 15 out of 32 respondents signal this as an important element of penal craftsmanship. Task effectiveness orientations relate directly to an enabling environment and can be defined as being granted the time and means to conduct everyday business effectively. 3.8.2 Prison Officers’ Perception of the Institutional Facilitation of Craftsmanship When reflecting on how conducive street level practice is to craftsmanship, prisons officers paint a grim picture. Very little of what they regard as ideal can be seen in the institutional conditions they observe in practice: although we found many examples of institutional measures that facilitate these values, respondents perceive room for reintegration, humanity and security to be almost negligible (see table 3.3). Security is exempted from the table altogether, and 81 Mismatch Between Ideals and Institutional Facilitation