Carolien Zeetsen

70 Table 4.1. Continued. Total Alcohol (A) Cannabis (C) ( n = 656) ( n = 391) ( n = 123) Abstinence duration* ( n = 182) ( n = 116) ( n = 16) mean no. days ( SD ) 42.85 (57.50) 36.84 (42.80) 66.44 (88.52) History of treatment* (%) ( n = 650) ( n = 387) ( n = 122) no 357 (55) 210 (54) 86 (71) yes 293 (45) 177 (46) 36 (30) CIDI–SAD* ( SD ) ( n = 470) ( n = 287) ( n = 81) dependence 4.79 (1.75) 4.71 (1.77) 4.68 (1.77) abuse 2.09 (1.11) 2.05 (1.11) 1.94 (1.04) severity 6.11 (2.21) 6.00 (2.20) 6.00 (2.34) DASS–21* ( SD ) ( n = 581) ( n = 353) ( n = 107) depression 13.89 (11.29) 13.47 (11.40) 15.87 (10.89) anxiety 9.52 (8.43) 8.96 (7.87) 11.03 (9.43) stress 15.61 (10.27) 14.14 (9.63) 18.92 (9.96) DASS–21 total 39.05 (26.53) 36.57 (25.78) 45.81 (26.29) Note: patients with sedatives or gamma–hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as the primary–problem substance are only included in the total sample and not separately described; CIDI–SAD = Section Alcohol & Drugs of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; DASS–21 = Depression Anxiety Stress Scales; * = Due to missing data the n included is mentioned separately; ** = Abstinence was only assessed for the primary–problem substance.