Carolien Zeetsen

87 CHAPTER Cognitive performance during addiction treatment 5 level of education, and abstinence duration at MoCA administration (all p –values > 0.05). As expected based on the abovementioned reasons for exclusion, the excluded cases had a significant shorter admission duration than the included cases ( M diff = −78.15, t (775) = −9.33, p < .001) and significantly more readmissions to the clinic ( M diff = 0.67, t (323.60) = 7.50, p < .001). Course of cognitive performance There was a significant main effect of time on overall cognitive performance (MoCA– TS; F (1.86, 303.83) = 23.39, p < .001, η 2 = 0.124) and contrasts revealed that this was a significant linear improvement ( F (1, 163) = 40.25, p < .001). There was also a significant main effect of group on cognitive performance ( F (2, 163) = 34.91, p < .001, η 2 = 0.300) and post–hoc tests showed that differences between all three groups were significant. Patients with AUD scored higher than those with ARCI ( M diff = 2.55, SD = 0.64) and those with KS ( M diff = 5.72, SD = 0.70), and patients with ARCI scored higher than those with KS ( M diff = 3.18, SD = 0.57; all p –values < .001). The interaction effect between time and group was not significant ( F (3.73, 303.83) = 1.03, p = .390, η 2 = 0.011; see Figure 5.2, left top panel). Significant main effects of time were found for all seven domains (MoCA–DS): executive functioning ( F (2, 326) = 29.88, η 2 = 0.154), visuospatial abilities ( F (2, 326) = 12.65, η 2 = 0.071), attention ( F (1.88, 306.21) = 5.53, η 2 = 0.033), language ( F (1.86, 303.34) = 46.71, η 2 = 0.221), abstract reasoning ( F (1.89, 308.70) = 23.00, η 2 = 0.123), memory ( F (1.89, 307.78) = 7.94, η 2 = 0.044) and orientation ( F (1.70, 277.71) = 14.17, η 2 = 0.078; all p –values ≤ .005). The main effect of group on cognitive performance was significant for the domains executive functioning ( F (2, 163) = 3.83, p = .024, η 2 = 0.045), memory ( F (2, 163) = 68.62, p < .001, η 2 = 0.457) and orientation ( F (2, 163) = 95.43, p < .001, η 2 = 0.539). As the direction of the effects differed between domains, Table 5.2 provides an outline of significant contrasts and post–hoc differences.