Carolien Zeetsen

90 A significant interaction between time and group on cognitive performance was found for the memory domain ( F (3.78, 307.78) = 3.86, p = .005, η 2 = 0.043) and contrasts revealed a significant linear improvement ( F (2, 163) = 3.08, p = .049), as well as a significant quadratic trend ( F (2, 163) = 5.10, p = .007) over time. This means that scores for each group did not change equally over time. As can be seen in Figure 5.2, right bottom panel, patients with KS did not change over time and patients with AUD did not change between T1 and T2, while those with ARCI showed linear improvement. Post–hoc tests further revealed that differences between all three groups were significant. Patients with AUD scored higher than patients with ARCI ( M diff = 1.15, SD = 0.24) and those with KS ( M diff = 2.67, SD = 0.22), and patients with ARCI scored higher than those with KS ( M diff = 1.52, SD = 0.16; all p –values < .001; see Table 5.2). The interaction between time and group was marginally significant for the orientation domain ( F (3.41, 277.71) = 2.51, p = .052, η 2 = 0.028), with contrasts revealing a significant linear improvement over time ( F (2, 163) = 3.24, p = .042) and post–hoc tests revealed that differences between all three groups were significant. Patients with AUD scored higher than those with ARCI ( M diff = 0.37, SD = 0.10) and those with KS ( M diff = 2.20, SD = 0.18), and patients with ARCI scored higher than those with KS ( M diff = 1.83, SD = 0.19; all p –values ≤ .001; see Table 5.2 and Figure 5.2, left bottom panel). For MoCA–MIS, significant main effects of both time ( F (1.87, 289.98) = 12.51, p < .001, η 2 = 0.073) and group ( F (2, 155) = 86.67, p < .001, η 2 = 0.528) were found, with no significant interaction ( F (3.74, 289.98) = 1.62, p = .174, η 2 = 0.019). Contrasts revealed a significant linear improvement over time ( F (1, 155) = 14.77, p < .001), as well as a significant quadratic trend ( F (1, 155) = 8.91, p = .003), meaning that not all groups showed the same linear improvement. As can be seen in Figure 5.2, right top panel, patients with KS did not change over time, patients with AUD scored lower on T2 than on T1, while patients with ARCI showed linear improvement. Post–hoc tests further revealed that differences between all three groups were significant. Patients with AUD scored higher than those with ARCI ( M diff = 2.61, SD = 0.48) and those with KS ( M diff = 6.69, SD = 0.47), and patients with ARCI scored higher than those with KS ( M diff = 4.08, SD = 0.40; all p –values < .001).