Adriëtte Oostvogels

FHD (reference) FHD (comparison) BMI (kg/m 2 ) N=3008 WHtR*100 N=3005 Fat% N=2964 Glucose (mmol/L) N=1888 C-peptide (nmol/L) N=1426 No FHD Maternal FHD only Model 1 0.11 (-0.05;0.28) 0.03 (-0.30;0.35) 1.03 (0.34;1.72)* 0.02 (-0.05;0.08) 0.00 (-0.01;0.01) Model 2 0.01 (-0.15;0.17) -0.14 (-0.45;0.17) 0.51 (-0.16;1.18) 0.01 (-0.06;0.07) 0.00 (-0.01;0.01) Model 3 -0.04 (-0.19;0.12) -0.19 (-0.51;0.13) 0.32 (-0.34;0.98) 0.01 (-0.06;0.08) 0.00 (-0.01;0.01) Paternal FHD only Model 1 0.01 (-0.17;0.19) 0.20 (-0.16;0.55) 0.12 (-0.65;0.88) -0.01 (-0.05;0.03) 0.00 (-0.01;0.01) Model 2 -0.00 (-0.16;0.16) 0.13 (-0.05;0.31) 0.00 (-0.73;0.73) -0.01 (-0.05;0.03) 0.00 (-0.01;0.01) Model 3 -0.04 (-0.20;0.14) 0.11 (-0.24;0.46) -0.10 (-0.83;0.62) -0.02 (-0.10;0.05) 0.00 (-0.01;0.01) Maternal + Paternal FHD Model 1 0.34 (0.11;0.57)* 0.33 (-0.12;0.79) 1.78 (0.82;2.75)* 0.03 (-0.02;0.09) 0.03 (0.01;0.05)* Model 2 0.09 (-0.14;0.32) -0.14 (-0.59;0.32) 0.42 (-0.54;1.37) 0.02 (-0.03;0.08) 0.03 (0.01;0.04)* Model 3 -0.02 (-0.24;0.20) -0.23 (-0.69;0.23) 0.02 (-0.93;0.97) 0.01 (-0.11;0.10) 0.02 (0.01;0.04)* Maternal FHD only Paternal FHD only Model 1 -0.10 (-0.33;0.12) -0.10 (-0.33;0.12) -0.91 (-1.87;0.05) -0.03 (-0.08;0.02) 0.00 (-0.01;0.01) Model 2 -0.01 (-0.23;0.21) -0.01 (-0.23;0.21) -0.51 (-1.43;0.42) -0.02 (-0.06;0.03) 0.00 (-0.01;0.02) Model 3 0.00 (-0.21;0.22) 0.31 (-0.14;0.75) -0.43 (-1.34;0.49) -0.03 (-0.13;0.06) 0.00 (-0.01;0.02) Maternal + Paternal FHD Model 1 -0.10 (-0.33;0.12) 0.23 (-0.04;0.49) 0.76 (-0.37-1.88) 0.02 (-0.04;0.08) 0.03 (0.01;0.05)* Model 2 0.08 (-0.18;0.34) 0.08 (-0.18;0.34) -0.10 (-1.20;1.01) 0.02 (-0.04-0.08) 0.03 (0.01;0.05)* Model 3 0.02 (-0.24;0.27) -0.04 (-0.57;0.49) -0.31 (-1.39;0.78) 0.02 (-0.14-0.10) 0.03 (0.01;0.05)* Paternal FHD only Maternal + Paternal FHD Model 1 0.33 (0.05;0.61)* 0.14 (-0.42;0.69) 1.67 (0.49-2.84)* 0.04 (-0.02;0.11) 0.03 (0.01;0.05)* Model 2 0.09 (-0.18;0.36) -0.26 (-0.55;0.02) 0.41 (-0.74;1.56) 0.03 (-0.03;0.10) 0.02 (0.00;0.05)* Model 3 0.01 (-0.25;0.28) -0.34 (-0.89;0.21) 0.12 (-1.02;1.26) 0.01 (-0.11;0.14) 0.02 (0.01;0.05)* Table 3. Differences (95% CI) in metabolic outcomes per second-degree family history of diabetes (FHD) category within the ABCD-study Model 1: adjusted for sex of the child and age at the measurements, Model 2: adjusted for model 1 + maternal age, maternal education, maternal ethnicity, standardized birth weight, Model 3: adjusted for model 2 + maternal BMI and paternal BMI at children’s age 5 years, child’s energy intake, screen time and fat% (only for glucose and C-peptide) at age 5-6 years * p<0.05 significantly different from the reference category (first column) 130 Chapter 5