Adriëtte Oostvogels

Maternal pBMI (kg/m 2 ) Offspring’s postnatal weight gain Offspring’s postnatal weight-for-length gain N % Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Maternal characteristics Maternal age (years) <25 72 5% 23.1 4.2 0.11* 0.7 0.26 0.9 25-34.9 (ref) 943 65% 22.7 3.6 -0.06 0.6 0.20 0.8 ≥ 35 444 30% 23.1 3.5 -0.11 0.5 0.13 0.8 Maternal pBMI (kg/m 2 ) <25 (ref) 1177 81% 21.5 1.9 -0.07 0.6 0.17 0.8 25-29.9 214 15% 26.9* 1.3 -0.05 0.5 0.25 0.7 ≥ 30 68 5% 33.8* 3.6 -0.09 0.6 0.13 0.7 Maternal education (years) <5 115 8% 24.1* 4.2 0.07* 0.6 0.31 0.8 5-9 388 27% 23.7* 4.2 0.01* 0.6 0.23 0.8 ≥ 10 (ref) 950 65% 22.3 3.1 -0.11 0.5 0.14 0.8 parity Primiparous (ref) 809 55% 22.6 3.4 0.00 0.6 0.25 0.8 Multiparous 650 45% 23.2* 3.8 -0.15* 0.5 0.10* 0.8 Maternal ethnicity Dutch (ref) 1152 79% 22.6 3.3 -0.10 0.5 0.15 0.8 Turkish 59 4% 23.6 3.9 0.28* 0.7 0.31 0.9 Moroccan 25 2% 25.4* 4.7 0.09* 0.6 0.31 0.8 Other non-Western 130 9% 23.5 4.5 0.07* 0.6 0.31 0.8 Other Western 93 6% 22.2 3.1 -0.02 0.5 0.24 0.8 Smoking during pregnancy No (ref) 1342 92% 22.8 3.6 -0.07 0.6 0.19 0.8 Yes 117 8% 22.9 3.6 0.02 0.6 0.13 0.8 Hypertension No (ref) 1292 89% 22.7 3.5 -0.09 0.6 0.15 0.8 Pregnancy induced 125 9% 23.8* 3.6 0.08* 0.6 0.39* 0.9 Pre-existent 42 3% 25.4* 4.7 0.19* 0.6 0.48* 0.7 Child’s characteristics Birth weight (g) <2500 25 2% 24.1 5.3 0.60* 0.7 0.79* 0.9 2500-3000 166 11% 21.9 2.7 0.29* 0.6 0.45* 0.9 3000-3999 (ref) 1003 69% 22.7 3.6 -0.08 0.5 0.17 0.8 ≥4000 261 18% 23.8* 3.7 -0.31* 0.5 0.02* 0.7 Table 1. Maternal and child characteristics and their association with maternal pBMI and postnatal growth 184 Chapter 7