Adriëtte Oostvogels

86 Chapter 3 Results Study population The present study consisted of 1727 mother-child pairs (Figure 1). Compared with the women lost to follow-up the included women were older, more often of Dutch origin, had a higher education level, and breastfed their children longer (Table S1). Of all women, 15.1% had overweight and 4.3% had obesity (Table 1). Women with overweight/obesity were more likely to have hypertension, had fewer years of education after primary school, were less often primiparous, and less often consumed alcohol. Their lipid profile (with the exception of ApoA1 and TC) was higher than that of women with a normal weight. Furthermore, obese women were less likely to breastfeed their babies. Of all children, 8.3% were overweight or obese, mean BMI, WHtR and fat percentage were 15.4±1.4 kg/m 2 , 0.45±0.03 and 23.6±6.2%, respectively. At age 5–6 years, children from mothers with overweight/obesity were more likely to have a higher BMI, WHtR and fat percentage compared with children from mothers of the normal pBMI group (Table 1). Also children of mothers with overweight/obesity had a higher screen time than children from mothers of the normal pBMI group. pBMI Maternal lipids Mean (SD) β 95%CI β 95%CI TC (mmol/L) 5.08 (0.88) 0.02 (0.01; 0.03) 0.02 (0.01; 0.03) ApoA1 (g/L) 1.59 (0.22) 20.004 (20.007; 20.0008) 20.002 (20.006; 0.007) ApoB (g/L) 0.75 (0.17) 0.009 (0.007; 0.011) 0.008 (0.005; 0.01) Ratio ApoB/ApoA1 0.48 (0.13) 0.009 (0.007; 0.01) 0.006 (0.004; 0.009) TG (mmol/L) 1.38 (0.52) 0.02 (0.02; 0.03) 0.02 (0.01; 0.02) FFA (mmol/L) 0.31 (0.17) 0.008 (0.006; 0.01) 0.006 (0.004; 0.009) Table 2. Association between pBMI and maternal lipids a (n=1727) pBMI=maternal prepregnancy BMI; TC=total cholesterol; ApoA1=Apolipoprotein A1; ApoB=Apolipoprotein B; TG=triglycerides; FFA=free fatty acids a) maternal lipids are interpolated at median gestational age at blood sampling (13 weeks) Model 1 = unadjusted model Model 2 = adjusted for for age of mother, parity, ethnicity, height, years of education, alcohol, smoking, and hypertension.