Klaske van Sluis

Objective and subjective voice outcomes: a systematic review 39 comparable to healthy speech. Significantly better outcomes for fundamental frequency, maximum phonation time and intensity are found in TES more than in ES. TES seems to be most pleasant and comprehensible in the perceptual evaluations, followed by esophageal speech. Speaking with an electrolarynx was found to be least pleasant and comprehensible. For the PROs, all speaker groups report a degree of voice handicap. However, none of the speech rehabilitation methods were clearly indicated as achieving more satisfactory outcomes in self- reported vocal functioning. 2.5.1 Compliance with ethical standards Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest : The Netherlands Cancer Institute receives a research grant from Atos Medical (Malmö, Sweden), which con- tributes to the existing infrastructure for quality of life research of the De- partment of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose. Ethical ap- proval : This article does not contain any studies with human participants per- formed by any of the authors. References [1] E. C. Ward and C. J. van As-Brooks, Head and neck cancer: treatment, rehabilitation, and outcomes . Plural Publishing, 2014. [2] P. Farrand and F. Duncan, “Generic health-related quality of life amongst patients employing different voice restoration methods following total la- ryngectomy,” Psychology, Health & Medicine , vol. 12, pp. 255–265, May 2007. [3] P. Farrand and R. Endacott, “Speech determines quality of life following total laryngectomy: the emperors new voice?,” in Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures. , pp. 1989–2001, Springer, 2010. [4] I. M. Verdonck-de Leeuw, R. Rinkel, and C. Leemans, “Evaluating the im- pact of cancer of the head and neck,” in Head and neck cancer: treatment, rehabilitation, and outcomes (E. C. Ward and C. J. van As-Brooks, eds.), pp. 27–56, Plural Publishing, 2007. [5] P. H. Dejonckere, P. Bradley, P. Clemente, G. Cornut, L. Crevier- Buchman, G. Friedrich, P. Van De Heyning, M. Remacle, and V. Woisard, “A basic protocol for functional assessment of voice pathology, especially for investigating the efficacy of (phonosurgical) treatments and evaluating new assessment techniques,” European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology , vol. 258, pp. 77–82, Feb. 2001.