Govert Veldhuijzen

140 Chapter 7 Similarly, both groups were comparable in terms of initial intravenous bolus of sedatives and analgesics, i.e., dose of Midazolam (median, 2.5 mg in both groups), dose of Alfentanil (median, 0.25 mg in both groups). Table 1. Baseline characteristics Control (non VR) (n=9) Intervention (VR) (n=10) P value Age (years)* 64 [47.5;67.5] 65 [62;67] 0.414† Gender (male: female) 4:5 4:6 1.000‡ RAND-36 Physical functioning* 90 [70;100] 82.5 [72.5;95] 0.549† Role limitations due to physical health* 87.5 [68.75;100] 68.75 [50;84.38] 0.156† Role limitations due to emotional problems* 100 [53.13;81.25] 83.33 [47.92;100] 0.133† Energy/ fatigue* 75 [72.5;90] 59.38 [48.44;81.25] 0.497† Emotional well-being* 85 [75;100] 75 [50;81.25] 0.113† Social functioning* 100 [73.47;94.9] 81.25 [62.5;100] 0.113† Pain* 89.79 [73.47;67.5] 72.45 [67.35;100] 0.497† General health* 55 [35;67.5] 57.5 [52.5;66.25] 0.497† Health change* 50 [25;62.5] 37.5 [25;50] 0.549† Number of previous colonoscopies* 2.5 [1.75;5] 2 [1.25;3.75] 0.515† Level of education 0.733# Primary school 0 (0) 0 (0) Lower vocational education 0 (0) 10 (1) Lower general secondary school 0 (0) 0 (0) Intermediate general secondary school 11.1 (1) 10 (1) Intermediate vocational education 22.2 (2) 20 (2) Upper general secondary school 22.2 (2) 10 (1) Higher vocational education 33.3 (3) 50 (5) University 11.1 (1) 0 (0) Prior experience with VR (yes) % (n) 22.2 (2) 30 (3) 1.000‡ *Variables are denoted as median [inter quartile range]. † Mann-Whitney U test. ‡ Fisher’s Exact test. # Chi-square test. Patient pain, comfort and anxiety The results of the pain scores, patient comfort scores and anxiety scores are summarized in table 3. Median pain score before (0 in both groups) and during (3 in both groups) the procedure was similar in both groups. The Gloucester Comfort scale did not reveal significant differences in patient comfort between the two groups (4 patients (44%) in