Jacky Luiten

Patterns of treatment and outcome of ductal carcinoma in situ in the Netherlands | 109 7 risk of dying from breast cancer compared with the general female population, but absolute ten ‐ year risks are very low. 49 In conclusion, the use of BCS, radiotherapy and axillary staging in patients with DCIS varies over time. The incidence of BCS increased over the years with a decline in the use of adjuvant radiotherapy and SLNB, especially for low grade DCIS, in more recent years. The lack of consensus in recent literature reflects our limited knowledge about the natural progression of untreated DCIS. Because of this dilemma, current treatment protocols may be too defensive and result in overtreatment of many women. Therefore, more research is needed to help prevent overdiagnosis and overtreatment in the future.