Jacky Luiten

146 | patients will undergo surgical treatment. This thesis contributes to the shift of ‘one size fits all’ ‐ treatment to a more personalized treatment of pre ‐ malignant lesions detected at mammographic screening. Less invasive treatment options for these pre ‐ malignant lesions are currently subject of ongoing studies consisting of close follow up versus surgical excision. 20,21 Tailoring treatment of these lesions to the likelihood of progression to invasive disease is the next step in preventing overtreatment. The main goal for future research should be improving our ability to refrain from invasive diagnostics and treatment whenever possible.