Martijn van Teffelen

Interpretation bias modification for hostility 133 6 state scale (STAXI-2S) (Spielberger, 1999), measuring self-reported anger in the past three days, which is scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). Third, they completed an adapted state-version of the Forms of Aggression State Questionnaire (FOAS) (Verona et al., 2008), measuring self-reported aggressive behavior in the past three days, which is scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ((almost) never) to 5 ((almost) always). In contrast to the original FOA, participants were asked to indicate how often each behavior occurred in general in the past three days instead of ‘when angry.’ Moreover, we used an 11-item version that included the highest loading items from the original 40-item FOA in a separate sample of N = 120 in one of our other studies (van Teffelen et al., under revision). In addition, to measure general psychiatric symptoms in the past three days, we administered the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) (Kessler et al., 2002). This 10-item K10 is scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (always) to 5 (never). Finally, active alcohol and drug use was measured with the timeline follow-back questionnaire (Sobell & Sobell, 1990). All scales have demonstrated good reliability - in the present study α ’s range from .74 to .95- and adequate validity (Buss & Perry, 1992; Donker et al., 2010; Meesters et al., 1996; Sobell & Sobell, 1990; Verona et al., 2008). Table 1 Study 2 - Sample characteristics Condition Statistical dif. Total sample ( N = 135) CBM-I ( n = 61) AC ( n = 74) Χ 2 / F (p) Population sample, n (%) 3.14 (.370) Inpatient 21 (16) 7 (11) 14 (19) Outpatient 30 (22) 14 (23) 16 (22) Community 84 (62) 40 (66) 44 (59) Primary DSM-5 classification 11.16 (.132) Major depressive disorder 16 (12) 6 (2) 10 (14) Anxiety disorder 2 (1) 0 (0) 2 (3) Addiction 8 (6) 2 (3) 6 (8) Post-traumatic stress disorder 5 (4) 1 (2) 4 (5) Personality disorder 15 (11) 11 (18) 4 (5) Intermittent explosive disorder 3 (2) 1 (2) 2 (3) ADHD 1 (1) 0 (0) 1 (1) None 85 (63) 40 (66) 45 (61) Age in years, M ( SD ) 39.24 (11.80) 39.74 (12.37) 38.82 (11.37) .45 (.656) Gender, n (%) .14 (.710) Male 82 (61) 36 (59) 46 (62) Female 53 (139) 25 (41) 28 (38)