Martijn van Teffelen

Hierarchical structure of hostility 29 2 Aggression Questionnaire In the 10-item hostility scale of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQH) (Buss & Perry, 1992) items (e.g., “Other people always seem to get the breaks”) are scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from one (extremely uncharacteristic of me) to five (extremely characteristic of me). Internal consistency (e.g., α = .73 - .81) and test-retest reliability are good and adequate/good construct validity has been demonstrated (Hornsveld et al., 2009; McKay et al., 2016). Forms of Aggression Questionnaire The 40-item Forms of Aggression questionnaire (FOA) (Verona et al., 2008) comprises a list of harmful behaviors measured across five subscales including physical (e.g., “I hit, kick, or push them”), verbal (e.g., “I say mean things to them”,) property (e.g., “I damage their property”), relational (e.g., “I ruin their friendships with other people”) and passive-rational (e.g., “I criticize their work, even if it is good”) aggression. In the original version people are asked to indicate how often each behavior occurs when angry. To minimalize overlap with affective features of hostility, participants in the current study were asked to indicate how often each behavior occurs in general instead. Items are scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from one ((almost) never) to five ((almost) always). Good internal consistency (e.g., α = .93 - .94) and adequate construct, convergent and discriminant validity have been demonstrated (Verona et al., 2008). Personality Inventory for DSM-5 In the 10-item hostility scale of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5H) (Van der Heijden et al., 2014) items (e.g., “I snap at people when they do little things that irritate me”) are scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from zero (very false or often false) to three (very true or often true). Internal consistency (e.g., α = .88 - .90) is good and adequate construct and convergent validity have been demonstrated (Bach et al., 2016; Krueger et al., 2012; Thomas et al., 2013; Watson et al., 2013). Procedure The Ethical Review Committee Psychology and Neuroscience at Maastricht University provided ethical approval to carry out the study (ERCPN- 167_08_05_2016). The study was pre-registered at https://osf.io/gpju6. Some protocol changes were made after the study was preregistered. Specifically, we decided to perform a different analytical approach, we chose to study hostility at trait level (instead of at both state and trait levels) and patients were not screened for instable use of psychotropic medication. The study was performed completely online using Qualtrics software. Beforehand, people were told that the study was about investigating the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. After participants provided informed consent, an online link to the study’s questionnaires