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200 Chapter 9 TABLE 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics Variable n (%) or median (IQR) Demographics Age of symptom onset (years) 1 (0-4) Age at time of CM (years) 10 (8-13) Gender (male) 18 (60) BMI (kg/m 2 ) BMI z-score 17.3 (15.8-24.1) 0.32 (-0.47-1.58) Duration of time between CM and CE (days) 64 (26-155) Contrast enema results Absolute diameter (cm) HAPC+ diameter HAPC- diameter 4.47 (3.60-5.23) 4.08 (3.20-4.99) 5.48 (4.40-6.60) L2 width a 3.32 (3.14-3.70) SCS ratio a HAPC+ segment diameter/L2 width ratio HAPC- segment diameter/L2 width ratio 1.29 (1.13-1.46) 1.14 (0.97-1.38) 1.66 (1.34-1.91) Anorectal manometry results Anorectal manometry performed Rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) present ( n =29) High balloon volumes required to induce RAIR ( n =29) 29 (97) 29 (100) 2 (7) Colonic manometry results Sensor interspacing (catheter type) 3 cm (solid state) 10 cm (water-perfused) 15 cm (water-perfused) 4 (13) 24 (80) 2 (7) Position cathetertip Cecum Hepatic flexure Mid Transverse colon Splenic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon 5 (17) 8 (27) 6 (20) 9 (30) 1 (3) 1 (3) HAPCs present during fasting phase 5 (17) HAPCs present during post-prandial phase 7 (23) HAPCs present during post-bisacodyl phase Children who received a second dose of bisacodyl Number of HAPCs after bisacodyl ( n =28) 28 (93) 11 (37) 7 (4-11) Sensation after bisacodyl Defecation after bisacodyl 28 (93) 24 (80) Distance from anal verge where HAPCs terminate (cm) Fully propagating HAPCs (≤15 cm) Prematurely terminating HAPCs (>15 cm) No HAPCs 20 (10-35) 12 (40) 16 (53) 2 (7) a onemissing value because distance between pedicles L2 could not be determined in one patient with prematurely terminating HAPCs. HAPC, high-amplitude propagating contraction; HAPC+, colonic segment where HAPCs were observed; HAPC-, colonic segment where HAPCs were not observed; SCS, standardized colonic size