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228 Chapter 11 ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess treatment adherence in children with functional constipation (FC) and to evaluate the association with parental beliefs about medication, illness perceptions, treatment satisfaction and satisfaction with information about medication. Study design: Cross-sectional survey among parents of children with FC treated with polyethylene glycol. Adherence was measured using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5, score 5-25), with higher scores indicating better adherence (scores ≥ 23 were defined as adherent). Beliefs about medication, illness perceptions, satisfaction with treatment and satisfactionwith information about treatment weremeasuredwith the Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire (BMQ), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM), and the Satisfaction with Information about Medication Questionnaire (SIMS). Associations between the questionnaire scores and adherence (MARS-5 score as a continuous variable) were analyzed with regression analyses. Results: 43/115 included children (37%) were adherent (MARS-5 ≥ 23). Spearman’s rank correlation test revealed a statistically significant correlation between TSQM-convenience, TSQM-satisfaction, B-IPQ8 (emotions) and the MARS-5 score (r s 0.342, P = .000; r s 0.258, P = .006; r s -0.192, P = .044). This suggests that parental perceived treatment convenience, satisfactionwith treatment and illness perceptions may affect adherence in childrenwith FC. In the hierarchical multivariate regression model, 22% of the variability of the MARS-5 score could be explained by the selected predictors. The TSQM-convenience score contributed the most to the model (β: 0.384, P = .000). Conclusions: Parents reported low adherence rates in their children with FC. Treatment inconvenience, dissatisfaction with treatment and the emotional impact of FC may negatively influence treatment adherence.