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238 Chapter 11 TABLE 4. Predictors in the hierarchical multivariate regression model with the MARS-5 total score as dependent variable (n=103). B SE B β STEP 1 BMQ-differential 0.089 0.065 0.140 B-IPQ4 treatment control 0.066 0.127 0.056 B-IPQ8 emotions -0.072 0.134 -0.053 TSQM-convenience 0.044 0.014 0.319 TSQM-satisfaction 0.017 0.019 0.104 STEP 2 BMQ-differential 0.129 0.068 0.201 B-IPQ4 treatment control 0.049 0.129 0.041 B-IPQ8 emotions -0.126 0.138 -0.092 TSQM-convenience 0.053 0.015 0.384 TSQM-satisfaction 0.014 0.020 0.085 BMQ-Necessity - - - BMQ-Concerns 0.173 0.088 0.224 BMQ-Harm -0.138 0.130 -0.123 BMQ-Overuse -0.045 0.132 -0.040 B: regression equation, SE B: standard error for B, β: standardized regression coefficient. BMQ, Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire; B-IPQ, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; TSQM, Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication. Bold values indicate significant results ( P < .05). DISCUSSION Our results show that proxy-reported treatment nonadherence to polyethylene glycol treatment in children with FC is common. Only 37% of children with FC were adherent to their laxative treatment with polyethylene glycol, as defined by a proxy-reported MARS-5 score ≥23. Factors associated with higher adherence included convenience of treatment and satisfaction with treatment. A negative correlation was found between the emotional impact of a child’s FC symptoms and treatment adherence. Moreover, parents of nonadherent children reported more concerns about their child’s medication and on the other hand attributedmore importance to medication in controlling their child’s symptoms. Treatment adherence in children with FC has been studied before only by Steiner et al. in a group of 50 Brazilian children. 39 In this study, assessment of treatment adherence was based on counting empty medication containers, defining adherence as patients returning