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270 Chapter 13 symptoms, use of Peristeen®, concomitant medication use, and parental satisfaction with treatment. Completion of the questionnaire took approximately 5 to 10 minutes. The questionnaires were returned anonymously by mail. Data analyses Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results are expressed in percentages, mean (with standard deviation), or median depending on whether the data were normally distributed. Ethical considerations The present study was approved by the local institutional review board. RESULTS In total, 91 families were invited to participate; 67 questionnaires (74%) were returned. At the time of survey the mean age of the children was 11.2 years (SD 3.8, range 4–19 years), of whom 55% were boys. The median duration of symptoms was 7 years and children had started using Peristeen® at a mean age of 10.3 years (SD 3.7, range 3–18 years). At the time of survey, children had used Peristeen® for a median duration of 11 months (range 1 month–3 years). Patient characteristics are depicted in Table 2. A total of 22 children (33%) used Peristeen® daily and 15 children (22%) used it once every other day. Eighteen (27%) children had stopped using Peristeen®, mostly due to ineffectiveness ( n =11) or because they were in remission and did not need Peristeen® anymore ( n =4). Tap water was used as irrigation fluid in the majority of patients, occasionally supplemented with added laxatives. Half of the children used concomitant oral and/or rectal laxatives in addition to Peristeen®. A total of 28 children (42%) experienced pain during rectal irrigation, especially during insertion of the catheter, pumping up the balloon or during irrigation. More than half of the parents (57%) reported that rectal irrigation was a feasible treatment modality for their children. The majority of children ( n =56, 84%) experienced fecal incontinence before initiating treatment with Peristeen®. Out of the children still using Peristeen® at the time of survey ( n =49), fecal incontinence had resolved in 41%, 12% still experienced infrequent episodes of fecal incontinence (<1 episode per week) and 47% experienced regularly from episodes of fecal incontinence (≥1 time per week).