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Epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers: A systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22(28):6547. 7. Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE, St James Roberts I, Schechter NL, Nurko S. Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler. Gastroenterology 2016;150(6):1443–55. 8. Koppen IJN, Nurko S, Saps M, Di Lorenzo C, Benninga MA. The pediatric Rome IV criteria: what’s new? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;11(3):193–201. 9. Phatak UP, Pashankar DS. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in obese and overweight children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014;38(10):1324–7. 10. Pashankar DS, Loening-Baucke V. Increased Prevalence of Obesity in Children With Functional Constipation Evaluated in an Academic Medical Center. Pediatrics 2005;116(3):e377–80. 11. Misra S, Lee A, Gensel K. Chronic constipation in overweight children. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006;30(2):81–4. 12. vdBaan-SlootwegOH,LiemO,BekkaliN,etal.Constipation and colonic transit times in children with morbid obesity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011;52(4):442–5. 13. Fishman L, Lenders C, Fortunato C, Noonan C, Nurko S. Increased prevalence of constipation and fecal soiling in a population of obese children. J Pediatr 2004;145(2):253–4. 14. Niemczyk J, Equit M, Braun-Bither K, Klein A-M, von Gontard A. Prevalence of incontinence, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in preschool children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015;24(7):837–43. 15. Niemczyk J, Equit M, Hoffmann L, von Gontard A. Incontinence in children with treated attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr Urol 2015;11(3):141.e1-6. 16. McKeown C, Hisle-Gorman E, Eide M, Gorman GH, Nylund CM. Association of constipation and fecal incontinence with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2013;132(5):e1210-5. 17. Mayer EAA, Tillisch K. The brain-gut axis in abdominal pain syndromes. Annu Rev Med 2011;62:381–96. 18. Tillisch K, Mayer EAA, Labus JSS. Quantitative meta- analysis identifies brain regions activated during rectal distension in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2011;140(1):91–100. 19. Hubbard CSS, Becerra L, Heinz N, et al. Abdominal Pain, the Adolescent and Altered Brain Structure and Function. PLoS One 2016;11(5):e0156545. 20. Mugie SM, Koppen IJN, van den Berg MM, et al. Brain processing of rectal sensation in adolescents with functional defecation disorders and healthy controls. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;e13228. 21. Zhu Q, Cai W, Zheng J, et al. Distinct resting-state brain activity in patients with functional constipation. Neurosci Lett 2016;632:141–6. 22. Bekkali N, Hamers SL, Reitsma JB, Van Toledo L, Benninga MA. Infant stool form scale: development and results. J Pediatr 2009;154(4):521–526.e1. 23. Ghanma A, Puttemans K, Deneyer M, Benninga MA, Vandenplas Y. Amsterdam infant stool scale is more useful for assessing children who have not been toilet trained than Bristol stool scale. Acta Paediatr 2014;103(2):e91-2. 24. Kuizenga-Wessel S, Heckert SL, Tros W, van Etten- Jamaludin FS, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM. Reporting on Outcome Measures of Functional Constipation in Children - A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016;62(6):840–6. 25. Kuizenga-Wessel S, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM. Reporting outcome measures of functional constipation in children from 0 to 4 years of age. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015;60(4):446–56. 26. Kuizenga-Wessel S, Steutel NF, Benninga MA, et al. Development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in childhood constipation: a study using a Delphi technique. BMJ Paediatr Open 2017;0:e000017. 27. Vriesman MH, Velasco-Benítez CA, Ramirez CR, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M. Assessing children’s report of stool consistency: the agreement between the pediatric Rome III questionnaire and the Bristol Stool Scale. J Pediatr 2017;[in press]. 28. VandenplasY,SzajewskaH,BenningaM,etal.Development of the Brussels Infant and Toddler Stool Scale (“BITSS”): protocol of the study. BMJ Open 2017;7(3):e014620. 29. Dinning PG, Wiklendt L, Maslen L, et al. Quantification of in vivo colonic motor patterns in healthy humans before and after a meal revealed by high-resolution fiber-optic manometry. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;26(10):1443– 57. 30. Dinning PG, Wiklendt L, Maslen L, et al. Colonic motor abnormalities in slow transit constipation defined by high resolution, fibre-optic manometry. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;27(3):379–88. 31. Snape WJ, Wright SH, Battle WM, Cohen S. The gastrocolic response: evidence for a neural mechanism. Gastroenterology 1979;77(6):1235–40. REFERENCES

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