Bibian van der Voorn

114 CHAPTER 8 (95%CI -1.0 to 0.03 [p=0.07]). Intercourse compound variation did not have an additional effect on the outcomes (data not shown). The results shown in tables 3, 4 and 5 remained unchanged after correction for perinatal risk factors and socioeconomic status (data not shown). TABLE 5. Relation between MR polymorphisms versus IQ, YASR and YABCL scores. -2G/C GG- genotype -2G/C CC- genotype I180V SNP IQ IQ-score -1.9 (-6.0 to 2.1) -6.2 (-10.5 to -1.9) * -1.5 (-5.9 to 2.8) Linguistic capacity Z-score -0.1 (-0.3 to 0.2) -0.3 (-0.5 to -0.1) * -0.2 (-0.4 to 0.02) Mathematical capacity Z-score -0.2 (-0.5 to 0.03) -0.5 (-0.8 to -0.2) * -0.02 (-0.3 to 0.3) Logical reasoning Z-score -0.2 (-0.4 to 0.1) -0.3 (-0.6 to -0.1) * -0.04 (-0.3 to 0.2) Spatial visualization Z-score -0.1 (-0.3 to 0.2) -0.2 (-0.4 to 0.1) -0.03 (-0.3 to 0.2) YASR Internalizing sum score -0.7 (-2.9 to 1.4) 1.5 (-0.8 to 3.8) -2,2 (-4.4 to 0.1) Externalizing sum score -0.9 (-2.4 to 0.5) 0.9 (-0.7 to 2.4) 0.3 (-1.3 to 1.8) Total sum score -3.4 (-9.5 to 2.7) 2.2 (-4.2 to 8.6) -1.7 (-8.0 to 4.6) Anxious/depressed -0.4 (-2.1 to 1.2) 0.9 (-0.9 to 2.6) -1.7 (-3.4 to -0.02) * Withdrawn -0.3 (-0.9 to 0.4) 0.6 (-0.1 to 1.3) -0.4 (-1.2 to 0.3) Aggressive behavior -0.7 (-1.5 to 0.1) 0.3 (-0.6 to 1.1) -0.1 (-0.9 to 0.7) Delinquent behavior -0.2 (-0.7 to 0.2) 0.1 (-0.4 to 0.6) 0.1 (-0.3 to 0.5) Somatic complaints -0.5 (-1.4 to 0.4) 0.7 (-0.3 to 1.6) 0.3 (-0.6 to 1.3) Thought problems 0.1 (-0.1 to 0.3) 0.1 (-0.2 to 0.4) -0.2 (-0.4 to 0.1) Attention problems 0.02 (-0.6 to 0.6) 0.3 (-0.4 to 0.9) -0.2 (-0.8 to 0.5) Intrusive behavior -0.1 (-0.6 to 0.5) 0.5 (-0.1 to 1.1) 0.3 (-0.3 to 0.9) Other problems -0.8 (-2.8 to 1.2) 0.7 (-1.5 to 2.8) -0.6 (-2.6 to 1.6) YABCL Internalizing sum score 0.2 (-1.7 to 2.1) 0.3 (-1.7 to 2.5) -2.0 (-3.9 to -0.1) * Externalizing sum score -1.4 (-3.4 to 0.6) 1.2 (-0.9 to 3.3) 1.4 (-0.7 to 3.5) Total sum score -3.7 (-10.0 to 2.6) 2.2 (-4.5 to 8.8) -1.3 (-7.9 to 5.2) Anxious/depressed -0.3 (-1.7 to 1.2) 0.3 (-1.3 to 1.8) -1.8 (-3.3 to -0.3) * Withdrawn 0.5 (-0.1 to 1.0) 0.02 (-0.6 to 0.6) -0.2 (-0.8 to 0.4) Aggressive -0.5 (-1.8 to 0.8) 0.8 (-0.5 to 2.2) 0.6 (-0.7 to 2.0) Delinquent -0.2 (-0.6 to 0.2) 0.2 (-0.3 to 0.6) 0.3 (-0.1 to 0.7) Somatic complaints -0.5 (-1.2 to 0.2) -0.3 (-1.0 to 0.5) -0.3 (-1.1 to 0.4) Thought problems -0.1 (-0.5 to 0.3) 0.2 (-0.3 to 0.6) -0.3 (-0.8 to 0.1) Attention problems -0.6 (-1.8 to 0.6) 0.3 (-1.0 to 1.5) -0.2 (-1.5 to 1.1) Intrusive behavior -0.6 (-1.2 to -0.04) * 0.3 (-0.4 to 0.9) 0.5 (-0.2 to 1.1) Other problems -1.4 (-2.6 to -0.1) * 0.5 (-0.9 to 1.8) 0.1 (-1.3 to 1.4) IQ, intellectual subdomain,YASR andYABCL scores are presented as regression coefficient (95% CI) and are corrected for sex. SNP carriers are compared with non-carriers. * p<0.05 DISCUSSION Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that both common genetic variants of the GR and MR and antenatal glucocorticoid treatment were associated with cognitive and behavioral outcomes in very preterm subjects. Independent of treatment, the R23K SNP was associated with an improved IQ-score and the -2G/C CC-genotype with