Bibian van der Voorn

135 EARLY LIFE GROWTH ON CORTISOL AFTER PREMATURITY REFERENCES 1 Phillips, D. I. et al. Low birth weight predicts elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in adults from 3 populations. Hypertension 35 , 1301-1306 (2000). 2 Watterberg, K. L. Adrenocortical function and dysfunction in the fetus and neonate. Semin Neonatol 9 , 13-21 (2004). 3 Finken, M. J. et al. Glucocorticoid Programming in Very Preterm Birth. Horm Res Paediatr 85 , 221-231 (2016). 4 Ng, P. C. Effect of stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis in the fetus and newborn. J Pediatr 158 , e41- 43 (2011). 5 Bolt, R. J. et al. Maturity of the adrenal cortex in very preterm infants is related to gestational age. Pediatr Res 52 , 405-410 (2002). 6 Kajantie, E. et al. Placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 and fetal cortisol/cortisone shuttle in small preterm infants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 , 493-500 (2003). 7 Duthie, L. & Reynolds, R. M. Changes in the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in pregnancy and postpartum: influences on maternal and fetal outcomes. Neuroendocrinology 98 , 106-115 (2013). 8 Cottrell, E. C. & Seckl, J. R. Prenatal stress, glucocorticoids and the programming of adult disease. Front Behav Neurosci 3 , 19 (2009). 9 de Kloet, E. R., Claessens, S. E. & Kentrop, J. Context modulates outcome of perinatal glucocorticoid action in the brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 5 , 100 (2014). 10 Sebaai, N. et al. Altered Control of the Hypothalamo- Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Adult Male Rats Exposed Perinatally to Food Deprivation and/or Dehydration. Neuroendocrinology 76 , 243-253 (2002). 11 Guilloteau, P., Zabielski, R., Hammon, H. M. & Metges, C. C. Adverse effects of nutritional programming during prenatal and early postnatal life, some aspects of regulation and potential prevention and treatments. J Physiol Pharmacol 60 Suppl 3 , 17-35 (2009). 12 Krishnaveni, G. V. et al. Size at birth, morning cortisol and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy Indian children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 80 , 73-79 (2014). 13 Embleton, N. D. et al. Catch-up growth and metabolic outcomes in adolescents born preterm. Arch Dis Child (2016). 14 Ong, K. K. et al. Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review. Acta Paediatr 104 , 974-986 (2015). 15 Amesz, E. M., Schaafsma, A., Cranendonk, A. & Lafeber, H. N. Optimal growth and lower fat mass in preterm infants fed a protein-enriched postdischarge formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 50 , 200-207 (2010). 16 Gray, J. E., Richardson, D. K., McCormick, M. C., Workman- Daniels, K. & Goldmann, D. A. Neonatal therapeutic intervention scoring system: a therapy-based severity-of- illness index. Pediatrics 90 , 561-567 (1992). 17 Niklasson, A. et al. An update of the Swedish reference standards for weight, length and head circumference at birth for given gestational age (1977-1981). Acta Paediatr Scand 80 , 756-762 (1991). 18 Fredriks, A. M. et al. Continuing positive secular growth change in The Netherlands 1955-1997. Pediatr Res 47 , 316-323 (2000). 19 van de Lagemaat, M., Rotteveel, J., Lafeber, H. N. & van Weissenbruch, M. M. Lean mass and fat mass accretion between term age and 6 months post-term in growth- restricted preterm infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 68 , 1261-1263 (2014). 20 Salazar, A., Ojeda, B., Duenas, M., Fernandez, F. & Failde, I. Simple generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and weighted generalized estimating equations (WGEEs) in longitudinal studies with dropouts: guidelines and implementation in R. Stat Med 35 , 3424-3448 (2016). 21 Fewtrell, M. S. et al. Attrition in Long-Term Nutrition Research Studies: A Commentary by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Early Nutrition ResearchWorking Group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 62 , 180-182 (2016). 22 Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G. & Hellhammer, D. H. Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28 , 916-931 (2003). 23 Osterholm, E. A., Hostinar, C. E. & Gunnar, M. R. Alterations in stress responses of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis in small for gestational age infants. Psychoneuroendocrinology 37 , 1719-1725 (2012). 24 Schaffer, L. et al. Blunted stress response in small for gestational age neonates. Pediatr Res 65 , 231-235 (2009). 25 van Montfoort, N., Finken, M. J., le Cessie, S., Dekker, F. W. &Wit, J. M. Could cortisol explain the association between birth weight and cardiovascular disease in later life? A meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 153 , 811-817 (2005).