Bibian van der Voorn

157 GENDER-SPECIFIC HPA AXIS ACTIVITY IN CHILDHOOD APPENDIX 2 RISK OF BIAS OF STUDIES INCLUDED IN THE META-ANALYSIS (See for argumentation Online Supplementary File 2) Risk of selection bias included: participants’age range, and sex-specific differences in participation or baseline characteristics. Risk of performance bias included: time of sample collection, protocol transparency, and sex-specific differences in protocol compliance. Risk of detection bias included: sex-specific differences in assay methods. Non-parametric distribution of the data was recorded as a risk of other biases. Bias could be assessed as low (i.e., unlikely to alter the results), unclear (i.e., raises doubt about results) or high (i.e., weakens confidence in results). Colored squares indicate: = Low risk = Unclear risk, = High risk of bias. A. Serum<8 yr Selection bias Performance bias Detection bias Other bias Bailey 2013 + - + + Elmlinger 2002 ? ? + + Forest 1978 ? ? + + Garagorri 2008 + + + + Lashansky 1991 ? + ? + Soriano-Rodriguez 2010 + ? + + Tennes 1973 ? + - - Tsvetkova 1977 ? + + + C. Saliva Selection bias Performance bias Detection bias Other bias Davis 1995 ? - + + De Bruijn 2009 + - + - Gunnar 2010 + + ? - Mills 2008 ? - + - Pérez-Edgar 2008 + + + + Törnhage 2002 ? + + - Tout 1998 + + + + B. Serum 8–18 yr Selection bias Performance bias Detection bias Other bias Apter 1979 ? ? + - Bailey 2013 + - + + Elmlinger 2002 ? ? + + Ghaziuddin 2003 + + + - Hackney 200 - + + + Huybrechts 2014 - + + + Ilias 2009 - + + - Lashansky 1991 ? + ? + Ong 2004 + + + + Reynolds 2013 ? + + + Ross 1986 - - + - Stroud 2011 + - + + Stupnicki 1995 - - + + Susman 1991 ? + + + Syme 2008 - ? ? + Tsvetkova 1977 ? + + +