Bibian van der Voorn

160 CHAPTER 10 C. Serum<8 yr cortisol+sex+child 31 Review Manager 5.3 1 Cortisol male-female 1.1 Serum cortisol <8 yrs of age StudyorSubgroup 1-7d (Elmlinger 2002) 8-15d (Elmlinger 2002) 0 yr (Forest 1978) 0 yr (Tennes 1973) 0 yrs (Garagorri 2008) 0.4 yr (Lashansky 1991) 0-2 yr (Bailey 2013) 16d-3y (Elmlinger 2002) 3 yr (Lashansky 1991) 4-10 yr (Tsvetkova 1977) 4-6y (Elmlinger 2002) 6.8 yr (Soriano-Rodriguez 2010) 7-8y (Elmlinger 2002) 2-8 yr (Bailey 2013) Total(95%CI) Heterogeneity: Tau² = 0.67; Chi² = 194.87, df = 13 (P < 0.00001); I² = 93% Test for overall effect: Z = 0.75 (P = 0.46) Mean 524 311 312 435.9 249.41 342 159.8 253 337 518.69 253 441.4 400 134.41 SD 190.82 99.75 168 313.6 99.32 146 135.3 95.66 160 193.1 143.88 13.8 141.58 75.57 Total 28 20 15 23 80 13 261 42 14 9 28 106 26 110 775 Mean 569 342 448 389.8 280.31 353 190.2 271 281 510.42 218 408.3 294 129.91 SD 184.44 119.39 187 227.6 124.16 196 186.2 97.44 113 157.3 117.86 13.8 123.47 71.48 Total 17 20 3 17 58 420 208 44 8 8 23 117 24 86 1053 Weight 7.2% 7.1% 5.0% 7.1% 7.8% 7.3% 8.1% 7.7% 6.3% 6.1% 7.3% 7.8% 7.2% 7.9% 100.0% IV,Random,95%CI -0.23 [-0.84, 0.37] -0.28 [-0.90, 0.35] -0.76 [-2.03, 0.51] 0.16 [-0.47, 0.79] -0.28 [-0.62, 0.06] -0.06 [-0.61, 0.50] -0.19 [-0.37, -0.01] -0.18 [-0.61, 0.24] 0.37 [-0.51, 1.25] 0.04 [-0.91, 1.00] 0.26 [-0.29, 0.81] 2.39 [2.05, 2.74] 0.78 [0.21, 1.36] 0.06 [-0.22, 0.34] 0.17 [-0.28, 0.63] Male Female Std. Mean Difference Risk of bias legend ( A ) Selection bias ( B ) Performance bias ( C ) Detection bias ( D ) Other bias ? ? + + ? ? + + ? ? + + ? + + + + + ? + ? + + + + ? ? + + ? + ? + + + + ? ? + + + ? + + ? ? + + + + + Risk of Bias A B C D Std. Mean Difference IV,Random,95%CI -2 -1 0 1 2 Female Male D. Serum 8-18 yr cortisol+sex+child 31 Review Manager 5.3 1.2 Serum cortisol 8-18yrs of age StudyorSubgroup 8 yr (Apter 1979) 8yr (Lashansky 1991) 8yr (Ong 2004) 9 yr (Ilias 2009) 9-10y (Elmlinger 2002) 6-15 yr (Ross 1986) 10yr (Stroud 2011) 11-14 (Tsvetkova 1977) 11y (Elmlinger 2002) 12y (Elmlinger 2002) 12.5 yr (Susman 1991) 13y (Elmlinger 2002) 13 yr (Hackney 2003) 13yr (Lashansky 1991) 14y (Elmlinger 2002) 14.6 yr (Ghaziuddin 2003) 14.7 yr (Huybrechts 2014) 15 yr (Syme 2008) 15.5yr (Lashansky 1991) 16y (Elmlinger 2002) 16.6 ± 0,5yr (Reynolds 2013) 17 yr (Stupnicki 1995) 8-18yr (Bailey 2013) 17-19y (Elmlinger 2002) Total(95%CI) Heterogeneity: Tau² = 1.12; Chi² = 906.47, df = 23 (P < 0.00001); I² = 97% Test for overall effect: Z = 0.50 (P = 0.62) Mean 240 254 210 112.97 317 74.5 164.4 424.89 341 386 364.7 430 397.3 223 440 1,757.5 299.5 546.3 262 444 551 347 218.3 465 SD 80.3 86 58 49.14 165.82 35.9 5.9 171.1 113.5 114.29 149.5 131.12 126.9 74 109.18 1,191.9 1.6 140.7 80 111.99 154 130 98.9 124.74 Total 7 8 423 5 31 23 39 7 22 22 56 21 62 10 32 12 297 77 13 31 653 14 370 30 2265 Mean 226.2 229 215 153.26 328 80 146.5 408.3 364 388 344.3 442 466.3 229 466 1,914.7 305.6 714.6 279 388 590.98 397 215.7 403 SD 109.5 94 69 131.05 153.32 44.1 5.99 160 117.3 117.35 148.7 103.32 162.8 94 131.63 1,658.2 1.7 306.24 77 116.58 202.79 125 110.7 103.57 Total 7 7 347 6 40 24 30 7 23 23 52 25 63 11 30 9 426 82 8 40 401 15 369 42 2087 Weight 3.6% 3.7% 4.5% 3.4% 4.3% 4.2% 4.1% 3.6% 4.2% 4.2% 4.4% 4.2% 4.4% 3.9% 4.3% 3.9% 4.5% 4.5% 3.9% 4.3% 4.6% 4.1% 4.5% 4.3% 100.0% IV,Random,95%CI 0.13 [-0.91, 1.18] 0.26 [-0.76, 1.28] -0.08 [-0.22, 0.06] -0.36 [-1.56, 0.84] -0.07 [-0.54, 0.40] -0.13 [-0.71, 0.44] 2.98 [2.28, 3.68] 0.09 [-0.95, 1.14] -0.20 [-0.78, 0.39] -0.02 [-0.60, 0.57] 0.14 [-0.24, 0.51] -0.10 [-0.68, 0.48] -0.47 [-0.82, -0.11] -0.07 [-0.92, 0.79] -0.21 [-0.71, 0.29] -0.11 [-0.97, 0.76] -3.67 [-3.91, -3.43] -0.70 [-1.02, -0.38] -0.21 [-1.09, 0.68] 0.48 [0.01, 0.96] -0.23 [-0.35, -0.10] -0.38 [-1.12, 0.35] 0.02 [-0.12, 0.17] 0.54 [0.07, 1.02] -0.11 [-0.56, 0.33] Male Female Std. Mean Difference Risk of bias legend ( A ) Selection bias ( B ) Performance bias ( C ) Detection bias ( D ) Other bias ? ? + ? + ? + + + + + + + ? ? + + + + + + ? + + + ? ? + + ? ? + + ? + + + ? ? + + + + + ? + ? + ? ? + + + + + + + + ? ? + ? + ? + ? ? + + ? + + + + + + + + ? ? + + Risk of Bias A B C D Std. Mean Difference IV,Random,95%CI -2 -1 0 1 2 Female Male