Bibian van der Voorn

161 GENDER-SPECIFIC HPA AXIS ACTIVITY IN CHILDHOOD E. Urine <8 yr cortisol+sex+child 3 Review Manager 5.3 1 Cortisol male-female 1.6 Urinary cortisol <8 yrs of age StudyorSubgroup 3yr (Lundberg 1981) 4.5yr (Lundberg 1983) 3-4 yr (Wudy 2007) 5-6 yr (Wudy 2007) 5-10 yr (Nakamura 1984) 7-8 yr (Wudy 2007) Total(95%CI) Heterogeneity: Tau² = 0.18; Chi² = 11.11, df = 5 (P = 0.05); I² = 55% Test for overall effect: Z = 1.55 (P = 0.12) Mean 3.35 8.5 20.5 30.5 14.8 36.9 SD 1.12 1.8 6.63 10.2 3.6 12.9 Total 4 8 25 25 7 25 94 Mean 2.46 11.9 21.2 25.4 9.98 31.9 SD 0.44 5.5 6.49 7.52 3.2 10.9 Total 9 3 25 25 8 25 95 Weight 9.9% 8.6% 23.4% 23.1% 11.6% 23.3% 100.0% IV,Random,95%CI 1.19 [-0.11, 2.49] -1.02 [-2.45, 0.41] -0.11 [-0.66, 0.45] 0.56 [-0.01, 1.13] 1.34 [0.18, 2.50] 0.41 [-0.15, 0.97] 0.39 [-0.10, 0.87] Male Female Std. Mean Difference Risk of bias legend ( A ) Selection bias ( B ) Performance bias ( C ) Detection bias ( D ) Other bias ? + + ? + ? + + + + + + + + ? + + + + + + Risk of Bias A B C D Std. Mean Difference IV,Random,95%CI -2 -1 0 1 2 Female Male F. Urine 8-18 yr cortisol+sex+child Review Manager 5.3 1 Cortisol male-female 1.11 Urinary Cortisol Production Rate 8-18yrs of age StudyorSubgroup 8yr (Honour 2007) 9-10 yr (Wudy 2007) 4-15yr (Canalis 1982) 11-12 yr (Wudy 2007) 13 ±3yr (Vaindirlis 2000) 13-14 yr (Wudy 2007) 14-19yr (Nakamura 1984) 15-16 yr (Wudy 2007) 17-18 yr (Wudy 2007) Total(95%CI) Heterogeneity: Chi² = 8.67, df = 8 (P = 0.37); I² = 8% Test for overall effect: Z = 4.31 (P < 0.0001) Mean 2,826.86 35.5 15.2 54.1 94 53.2 40.9 68.5 75 SD 774.81 9.26 6.3 13.8 32 21.4 23 21 25.3 Total 244 25 14 25 12 25 6 25 25 401 Mean 2,557.71 34.9 13 43.6 69 49.5 33.3 65.1 81.1 SD 655.56 12.5 5.6 12.2 33 15.1 3.1 22 32.3 Total 188 25 15 25 10 25 7 25 25 345 Weight 57.7% 6.9% 3.9% 6.4% 2.8% 6.9% 1.7% 6.9% 6.9% 100.0% IV,Fixed,95%CI 0.37 [0.18, 0.56] 0.05 [-0.50, 0.61] 0.36 [-0.38, 1.09] 0.79 [0.22, 1.37] 0.74 [-0.13, 1.61] 0.20 [-0.36, 0.75] 0.45 [-0.66, 1.56] 0.16 [-0.40, 0.71] -0.21 [-0.76, 0.35] 0.32 [0.17, 0.47] Male Female Std. Mean Difference Risk of bias legend ( A ) Selection bias ( B ) Performance bias ( C ) Detection bias ( D ) Other bias + + + + + + + ? ? ? + + + + + ? + ? + + + + + ? + + + + + + + + + + Risk of Bias A B C D Std. Mean Difference IV,Fixed,95%CI -2 -1 0 1 2 Female Male