Carl Westin

6-8 Discussion 141 6-7-4 Intervention time In regards to intervention time, Mann-Whitney tests did not reveal a significant dif- ference between the two groups. For both groups, intervention time ranged from 23 to 80 seconds (measured from scenario start) with the majority of interventions occurring between the caution and warning alert. Only one trainee and two expe- rienced controllers intervened within a five second interval across repetitions. Four trainees and one experienced controller intervened within a fifteen second interval in all repetitions. Four trainees and two experienced controllers intervened within a 35 second interval. This data was analyzed to determine whether time of intervention affected the type of solution implemented. No significant effects were found of in- tervention time on number of aircraft interacted with to solve the conflict (Kruskal- Wallis H test), vectoring controlled aircraft ahead or behind (Mann-Whitney U), or solution geometry (Mann-Whitney U). 6-7-5 Consistency questionnaire Participants believed that they had solved the repeated conflict consistently with 57.1% agreeing with the statement, and 28.6% undecided. Furthermore, 57.1% of participants slightly or strongly agreed with the statement that they generally solve right angle conflicts consistently over time. 35.7%, however, slightly or strongly dis- agreed with the statement. Responses were more mixed for the statement “I think that the other participants solved conflicts different than I.” Disagreement was more common (50.0%) than agreement (21.4%), with 28.6% undecided. Kolmogorov- Smirnov Z tests showed that trainees and experienced controllers did not differ sig- nificantly on the three 7-point Likert Scale questions. Participants’ answers to the open-ended questions differed in whether only one aircraft (42.9%) or both aircraft (28.6%) should be vectored. 28.6% of participants specified that they would vector QS behind OM, while no one suggested the oppo- site. This is noteworthy since vectoring OM to the right, behind QS, was the most common standalone implemented solution in the simulation. Participants stated that vectoring one aircraft behind the other is preferred because of safety, efficiency, and comfort. Participants who stated that they would vector both aircraft, often justified their solution as a fairer and less intrusive intervention. 6-8 Discussion This paper has investigated conflict solving consistency and agreement among 30 controllers with varying experience levels, in two separate studies. Results showed that controllers differed in how they preferred to solve conflicts and several different